Rancang Bangun Unit Pemotong dan Pengarah pada Mesin Panen Padi (Oryza sativa l.) Tipe Carry Harvester

Terraced agricultural field with an area of ??less than 0.1 ha per plot is difficult to reach by large size and large capacity agricultural machines. A medium type rice harvester (carry harvester) is an agricultural machine that can be used on small and terraced field. The aim of this research is to design a cutting unit and guiding unit of paddy harvesting machine for easy to use on small and terraced paddy field. The parameters engine performance test are effective field capacity (EFC), cutting unit effectiveness, guiding unit effectiveness, fuel consumption and harvesting rice losses. The performance test of the cutting and guiding unit is running well, which is shown by the percentage of cutting effectiveness and guiding effectiveness is 99% on average. The guiding of carry harvester are directed to the left side of the machine. The performance test results show the EFC harvesting of this machine is 0.05 ha / hour. Fuel consumption of 1.2 l / hour. The average losses at harvest is 3.1%. These factors can be taken into consideration in the selection of harvesting methods, especially in terraced rice fields that cannot be reached by other harvesting machines to overcome the shortage of harvesting labor. Lahan pertanian yang berteras dan memiliki luasan per petak kurang dari 0.1 ha, sulit dijangkau oleh mesin-mesin pertanian yang berukuran dan berkapasitas besar. Mesin pemanen padi tipe menengah (carry harvester) merupakan mesin pertanian yang dapat digunakan pada lahan kecil dan berteras. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang unit pemotong dan pengarah mesin pemanen padi yang mudah digunakan pada lahan kecil dan berteras. Parameter uji kinerja mesin yang diukur adalah kapasitas lapang efektif (KLE), Efektifitas unit pemotong, efektivitas unit pengarah, kosnsumsi bahan bakar dan susut padi pemanenan. Hasil kerja menunjukan unit pemotong dan pengarah berjalan dengan baik, yang ditunjukkan oleh presentase efektivitas pemotongan dan pengarahan rata-rata 99%. Hasil potongan padi diarahkan ke sisi kiri mesin. Hasil uji kinerja menunjukkan KLE pemanenan mesin ini adalah 0,05 ha/jam. Konsumsi bahan bakar sebesar 1,2 l/jam. Rata-rata susut saat panen mesin sebesar 3,1%. Faktor-faktor tersebut dapat dijadikan pertimbangan pemilihan metode pemanenan terutama di lahan sawah berteras yang tidak dapat dijangkau mesin pemanen lainnya untuk mengatasi kekurangan tenaga kerja pemanen.

SEDIMENT TRAPPING BY TERRACED PADDY FIELD ON SLOPPING AGRICULTURAL LAND

Terraced paddy field is not only important for rural food security, but also for trapping sediment in the slopping land. The aims of this research were to quantify the amount of incoming and outgoing sediments and to study sediment movement behavior during harrowing and fertilizing under traditional irrigation of terraced paddy field system. This study was carried out at Keji Village, Semarang District, Central Java during two cropping seasons, a wet season 2003/04 and a dry season 2004. A paddy field with eight terraces was selected. The terraces were flat, different in size and descending to the river. Sediment samples were taken at harrowing and fertilizing activities. The results indicated that at harrowing, outgoing sediment was higher than incoming both during the wet and the dry seasons. About 0.53 and 0.27 t ha-1 day-1 of soil were eroded during harrowing in the wet and the dry seasons, respectively. However, a week before and after fertilizing, both in the wet and the dry seasons, the amounts of incoming sediment were higher than the outgoing one. In the wet season, the amounts of incoming sediments were three to four times higher than the outgoing one, both a week before and after fertilizing. During the wet season, about 0.31 and 0.34 t ha-1 day-1 of sediment was yielded a week before and after fertilizing, respectively. During the dry season, the incoming sediments were ten times higher than the outgoing one. On an average the sediment yields were about 0.07 and 0.08 t ha-1 day-1 a week before and after fertilizing, respectively. Terraces having greater areas deposited more sediment than those with smaller sizes. During a week before and after first fertilizing, the total amounts of incoming sediments were 6.44 and 1.19 t ha-1 for the wet and dry seasons, while that of outgoing sediments were 1.89 and 0.14 t ha-1 for the wet and dry seasons, respectively. This indicates that terraced paddy fields are not only producing rice, but also providing environmental service in term of sediment trapping. This external service minimizes sedimentation in the downstream.<p> </p>

SEDIMENT TRAPPING BY TERRACED PADDY FIELD ON SLOPPING AGRICULTURAL LAND

<p>Terraced paddy field is not only important for rural food security,</p> <p>but also for trapping sediment in the slopping land. The aims</p> <p>of this research were to quantify the amount of incoming and</p> <p>outgoing sediments and to study sediment movement behavior</p> <p>during harrowing and fertilizing under traditional irrigation of</p> <p>terraced paddy field system. This study was carried out at Keji</p> <p>Village, Semarang District, Central Java during two cropping</p> <p>seasons, a wet season 2003/04 and a dry season 2004. A paddy</p> <p>field with eight terraces was selected. The terraces were flat,</p> <p>different in size and descending to the river. Sediment samples</p> <p>were taken at harrowing and fertilizing activities. The results</p> <p>indicated that at harrowing, outgoing sediment was higher than</p> <p>incoming both during the wet and the dry seasons. About 0.53</p> <p>and 0.27 t ha-1 day-1 of soil were eroded during harrowing in the</p> <p>wet and the dry seasons, respectively. However, a week before</p> <p>and after fertilizing, both in the wet and the dry seasons, the</p> <p>amounts of incoming sediment were higher than the outgoing</p> <p>one. In the wet season, the amounts of incoming sediments were</p> <p>three to four times higher than the outgoing one, both a week</p> <p>before and after fertilizing. During the wet season, about 0.31</p> <p>and 0.34 t ha-1 day-1 of sediment was yielded a week before and</p> <p>after fertilizing, respectively. During the dry season, the incoming</p> <p>sediments were ten times higher than the outgoing one.</p> <p>On an average the sediment yields were about 0.07 and 0.08 t</p> <p>ha-1 day-1 a week before and after fertilizing, respectively.</p> <p>Terraces having greater areas deposited more sediment than</p> <p>those with smaller sizes. During a week before and after first</p> <p>fertilizing, the total amounts of incoming sediments were 6.44</p> <p>and 1.19 t ha-1 for the wet and dry seasons, while that of</p> <p>outgoing sediments were 1.89 and 0.14 t ha-1 for the wet and dry</p> <p>seasons, respectively. This indicates that terraced paddy fields</p> <p>are not only producing rice, but also providing environmental</p> <p>service in term of sediment trapping. This external service</p> minimizes sedimentation in the downstream.