Analysis of Ecobiology of Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas) and its Threatening factors in Citirem and Hujungan Coasts, Cikepuh Wildlife Reserve, Sukabumi, Indonesia

Green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) is threatened species, included in the IUCN list with the endangered species category, and included in Appendix I in CITES which means that they are prohibited from being traded internationally. Cikepuh Wildlife Reserve located in Sukabumi Regency, West Java, is one of the conservation places where green sea turtles oftentimes lay their eggs. The objective of this study was providing useful baseline data of green sea turtle ecobiology and examine further factors that threaten their population. Serial observations were conducted annually since 2014 until 2018 by measuring the physical condition of coast and the morphological condition of green sea turtles. Results obtained from observations in each year showed the differences in total turtle nesting on both coast. In 2014, the nesting turtle ratio either in Citirem - Hujungan obtained as much as 15:1(111.5±1.64: 117 CCL / 97±0.36: 101CCW), while in 2018 is 4:0 (103.75±2.32:- CL / 93.75±3.92:- CCW). Citirem coast is overgrown with many kinds of beach crops such as Pandanaceae, while at Hujungan coast, this plant does not grow widely. The threatened factors of green sea turtle occurring in Cikepuh Wildlife Reserve is mostly anthropogenic activities and predation. This needs to be an important highlight that turtle conservation needs to be carried out by integrated stakeholders that to form good management.

Fungi of the Wolin National Park – New Data on Macromycetes

The paper contains results of mycological examinations conducted in the Wolin National Park from May to October 2017, and data previously unpublished. Exploration was carried out using the route method in the whole Park, with particular emphasis on its western part. The paper includes 205 taxa (25 from Ascomycota and 180 from Basidiomycota), including 32 new ones for the Wolin National Park. Among the identified taxa, 17 were threatened. The endangered species (Category E) were represented by <em>Aleurodiscus disciformis</em>, <em>Calcipostia guttulata</em>, and <em>Geastrum triplex</em>, the vulnerable species (V) included <em>Inocybe grammata</em>, <em>Inocutis rheades</em>, and <em>Xylobolus frustulatus</em>, and the rare species (R) consisted of 10 taxa, including <em>Helvella lacunosa</em>, <em>Gloeoporus taxicola</em>, <em>Mycena crocata</em>, <em>Plicaturopsis crispa</em>, and <em>Pseudomerulius aureus</em>. Some species are known only from a few sites in Poland, e.g., <em>Hohenbuehelia auriscalpium</em> and <em>C. guttulata</em>. Currently, the number of macromycetes species known from the Wolin National Park is 508.

Scaling from Weather to Climate

One of the theoretical tensions that has arisen from Anthropocene studies is what Dipesh Chakrabarty has called the ‘two figures of the human’, and the question of which of these two figures of the human inheres in the concept of the Anthropocene more. On the one hand, the Human is conceived as the universal reasoning subject upon whom political rights and equality are based, and on the other hand, humankind is the collection of all individuals of our species, with all of the inequalities, differences, and variability inherent in any species category. This chapter takes up Deborah Coen’s argument that Chakrabarty’s claim of the ‘incommensurability’ of these two figures of the human ignores the way both were constructed within debates over how to relate local geophysical specificities to theoretical generalities. This chapter examines two cases in the history of science. The first is Martin Rudwick’s historical exploration of how geologists slowly gained the ability to use fossils and highly local stratigraphic surveys to reconstruct the history of the Earth in deep time, rather than resort to speculative cosmological theory. The second is Coen’s own history of imperial, Austrian climate science, a case where early nineteenth-century assumptions about the capriciousness of the weather gave way to theories of climate informed by thermodynamics and large-scale data collection.

Una discusión en torno a los límites del concepto especie

The conceptual dilemma that species entail has divided, since its formulation, biologists and philosophers in two spheres: those who believe in the existence of a unified category of species and those who defend the unyielding plurality of equally legitimate concepts. The aim of this paper is to comprise the analysis of the problems that revolve around the species category with the only purpose being to determine the existence of only one univocal and unrestricted definition of species. For this reason, the paper will be divided into two sections. The first section will analyse the extent to which essentialism amounts to an antithetical theory to the modern biological theory. In the second section a detailed critique will be carried out on existing attempts to devise a definition of species. Two conclusions can be drawn from the previous statements. First and due to the fall of essentialism, that there is not only one single category of species but an uncompromising plurality of concepts. Secondly and following previous assertion, it can be stated that the most consistent viewpoint in the evolutionary theory is the one in which an ontological pluralism is embraced and, consequently, a taxonomical pluralism.

Diversitatea vegetala si animala a ecosistemului urban Orhei

Lately, the problem of biodiversity conservation is becoming more and more acute due to increase of anthropogenic impact. With the evolution of anthropogenic ecosystems, it also increases the vulnerability of species and biodiversity in general, as a result affecting ecological balance and environmental quality. The purpose of the researches was to evaluate the flora and fauna diversity in the Orhei urban ecosystem. The study was conducted during 2017 in 10 urban stations. Floral researches enumerate the presence of 146 species of magnoliophyte plants, grouped in 127 genera from 45 families. The most numerous were the species of the families: Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae and Poaceae. The most frequents species are the eurybionte with wide ecological amplitude, some of which are included in the invasive species category. Vertebrates researches have revealed the fact, that the mammal fauna includes 29 species with a higher effective in the green areas of the urban ecosystem. The birds population of the ecosystem enumerate 58 species, prevail those from order Passeriformes.

Perceiving animacy in own- and other-species faces

Though artificial faces of various kinds are rapidly becoming more and more life-like due to advances in graphics technology (Suwajanakorn et al., 2015; Booth et al., 2017), observers can typically distinguish real faces from artificial faces. In general, face recognition is tuned to experience such that expert-level processing is most evident for faces that we encounter frequently in our visual world, but the extent to which face animacy perception is also tuned to in-group vs. out-group categories remains an open question. In the current study, we chose to examine how the perception of animacy in human faces and dog faces was affected by face inversion and the duration of face images presented to adult observers. We hypothesized that the impact of these manipulations may differ as a function of species category, indicating that face animacy perception is tuned for in-group faces. Briefly, we found evidence of such a differential impact, suggesting either that distinct mechanisms are used to evaluate the “life” in a face for in-group and out-group faces, or that the efficiency of a common mechanism varies substantially as a function of visual expertise.

Abundance and distribution of endoparasitic helminths in Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792) from a polluted beel of Bangladesh

Abundance and distribution of the endoparasitic helminths in Anabas testudineus (collected from a polluted water body) was analyzed. Out of 50 fish observed, 42 (84%) were parasitized by at least one species. Five metazoan endoparasites, one trematode (Neopecoelina saharanpuriensis) and four nematodes (Ascaridida sp., Contracaecum sp., Camallanus anabantis and C. pearsei) were recorded. Prevalence was higher in female (90%) hosts than males (75%). A significant positive correlation was observed between the standard length of the host and the abundance for parasites except Ascaridida sp. Nematodes were the more prevalent group (72%) than trematodes (48%). No parasitic species was observed as central species category; three parasites (N. saharanpuriensis, Ascaridida sp. and Contracaecum sp.) were considered as secondary and Camallanus spp. as satellite species. All nematode parasites showed aggregated distribution pattern and the trematode showed random distribution pattern. Interspecies association between two species of parasite was low.Bangladesh J. Zool. 42(1): 1-10, 2014