Supervivencia inicial en tres especies de pino bajo la aplicación de antitranspirantes

En México, el estrés hídrico y la mala calidad de planta son algunas de las principales causas de mortalidad en plantaciones. El uso de productos antitranspirantes en especies vegetales ha sido una alternativa para reducir la pérdida de agua ante condiciones de disponibilidad limitada de este recurso. El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en evaluar el efecto de tres productos antitranspirantes (Vapor Gard®, Fitoglass® y Ecofilm®) y dos métodos de aplicación (aspersión e inmersión) en la supervivencia de plantas de Pinus cooperi, P. durangensis y P. engelmannii, a partir de indicadores morfológicos de calidad inicial conocidos. Previo al establecimiento del ensayo, en cada individuo se evaluaron cuatro indicadores morfológicos de calidad, posteriormente se aplicaron los antitranspirantes y se evaluó la supervivencia en campo un mes después. Los resultados indicaron que la calidad de planta fue alta, y que la aplicación de antitranspirantes tuvo efectos significativos en el porcentaje de supervvivencia: P. engelmanni presentó 94 % con Fitoglass® por inmersión, P. cooperi 61 % con Ecofilm® por inmersión, y P. durangensis 58 % con Ecofilm® por aspersión. Se concluye que la aplicación de los antitranspirantes y el método de aplicación aumentan de forma diferenciada la supervivencia inicial en las especies estudiadas.

Application of Anti-Transpirant to Control Sugar Accumulation in Grape Berries and Alcohol Degree in Wines Obtained from Thinned and Unthinned Vines of cv. Falanghina (Vitis vinifera L.)

In the last few decades, the accumulation of sugar in grape berries and hence the alcohol degree of wines has been affected by increasing global temperatures. In order to limit plant photosynthetic activity, it is possible to apply anti-transpirant on field, reducing sugar accumulation in berries. In this contest, our aim was to evaluate the efficiency of the application of a di-1-p-menthene-based natural anti-transpirant (Vapor Gard®, VG) on Falanghina vines during 2013 and 2014. Plants were treated at veraison stage with VG and compared with water-sprayed ones for control. The experimental design included also bunch thinned (BT) plants treated with VG or water. The effect of VG and/or BT on grapes was evaluated through physiological measurements on vines and chemical analyses on berries and wines. Moreover, wine sensory profiles were produced. The results we obtained show that by applying anti-transpirant it is possible to induce a significant reduction of net photosynthesis rate (25%–40%) and stomatal conductance (40%–60%) on leaves, a lower sugar accumulation in berries (2 °Brix) and a consequent reduction of alcohol in the obtained wine (0.9%–1.6% vol.). These results suggest that anti-transpirant sprays could be a useful tool in reducing cost of yield manipulation, improving ripeness and reducing wine alcohol, without affecting the wine sensory profile.

Anti-Transpirant Effects on Vine Physiology, Berry and Wine Composition of cv. Aglianico (Vitis vinifera L.) Grown in South Italy

In viticulture, global warming requires reconsideration of current production models. At the base of this need there are some emerging phenomena: modification of phenological phases; acceleration of the maturation process of grapes, with significant increases in the concentration of sugar musts; decoupling between technological grape maturity and phenolic maturity. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of a natural anti-transpirant on grapevine physiology, berry, and wine composition of Aglianico cultivar. For two years, Aglianico vines were treated at veraison with the anti-transpirant Vapor Gard and compared with a control sprayed with only water. A bunch thinning was also applied to both treatments. The effectiveness of Vapor Gard were assessed through measurements of net photosynthesis and transpiration and analyzing the vegetative, productive and qualitative parameters. The results demonstrate that the application of anti-transpirant reduced assimilation and transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, berry sugar accumulation, and wine alcohol content. No significant differences between treatments were observed for other berry and wine compositional parameters. This method may be a useful tool to reduce berry sugar content and to produce wines with a lower alcohol content.

EFFECT OF SELECTED PREPARATIONS ON SOME BIOMETRIC FEATURES OF ‘TARDIVA’ PANICLED HYDRANGEA (Hydrangea paniculata Siebold) DEPENDING ON THE IRRIGATION FREQUENCY

One of the ways to reduce the water consumption by plants while maintaining their proper quality is to use substances that limit excessive transpiration. Three preparations at following concentrations: Moisturin (10%), Root-Zone (4.5%) and Vapor Gard (1%), were used in the experiment. Moisturin and Vapor Gard were applied in the form of a single spray, and Root-Zone as a single irrigation in mid July.The aim of the research was to assess the effect of several anti-transpirants on some biometric features of the ‘Tardiva’ panicled hydrangea depending on the frequency of irrigation. The following parameters were measured: area, perimeter, width and length of leaf blade, length and width of inflorescences, and the diameter of shoots. Treatment of H. paniculata cv. ‘Tardiva’ with Root-Zone and Moisturin anti-transpirants with a single irrigation every other day allows to reduce the water consumption and obtain shrubs of a quality comparable with plants irrigated twice a day. The use of Moisturin with a twice daily irrigation positively affected the length and width of inflorescences.

Вплив позакореневої обробки насаджень яблуні (malus domestica borkh.) біопрепаратами на формування показників якості плодів

Наведено результати досліджень (2013–2015 рр.) щодо визначення впливу позакореневої обробки дерев яблуні препаратами «Атонік Плюс» і «Вапор Гард» на формування показників якості плодів (вміст сухих розчинних речовин (СРР), органічних титрованих кислот і цукрів). Об’єктом був літній сорт Ямба. Встановлено, що застосування першого з названих препаратів перед другою хвилею опадання зав’язі та збором урожаю сприяло збільшенню кількості сухих розчинних речовин і цукрів та зменшенню накопичення органічних титрованих кислот у плодах, і тим самим покращенню смакових якостей останніх. У разі обробки антитранспірантом «Вапор Гард» під час першої хвилі опадання зав’язі та перед збиранням плодів у них підвищився вміст цукрів порівняно з контролем. The author presents the results of studying (2013–2015) the effects of the biological preparations «Atonik Plus» and «Vapor Gard» foliar application in apple orchards on the formation of fruits quality indicators (the content of dry soluble substances, organic titrate acids and sugars). The object of the research was the summer variety Yamba. The usage of «Atonik Plus» before the second wave of the ovary abscission and harvesting the crop increased the content of dry soluble substances and sugars, and reduced the accumulation of titrated organic acids in fruits. This application improved their taste. The best variant of the antitranspirant «Vapor Gard» was spraying at the first wave of the ovary abscission and before harvesting, namely: the sugar content in fruits increased as it is compared to the control.