Evaluation of the usefulness of the alternative light source (ALS) in differentiating simulated bloodstains

The alternative light source (ALS) is a helpful technique for the detection of biological traces at a crime scene, which allows preservation of the material without destroying it. The aim of this study was to differentiate the human blood from a group of simulated bloodstains, which included: red borscht, raspberry juice, cherry liqueur, cranberry juice, tomato bruschetta, tomato paste, raspberry jam, rust, red spray, red wine and tomato ketchup. Stains, made of different types of material, were illuminated with the ALS emitted by the Mini-CrimeScope 400 (SPEX Forensics) with yellow, dark yellow, orange and red filters. The results of the analysis were presented as a description and also documented in photographs. The usage of light sources without color cut-off filters does not allow us to differentiate unequivocally real bloodstains from the trace evidence imitating or resembling bloodstains. The usage of different color cut-off filters (especially red filter) allowed us to exclude simulated bloodstains made of food and alcohol by using CSS light and light with a wavelength of 535 nm, 515 nm, 455 nm, 415 nm and 300-400 nm. Due to the different optical properties of blood and substances containing vegetable ingredients, forensic experts can differentiate human blood from simulated bloodstains by using the ALS in a non-destructive and quick way already at the crime scene. The ALS may be an example of a method which can replace more commonly used chemical-based screening tests.

ENAMEL HIPOPLASIA PADA TENGKORAK MANUSIA PRASEJARAH DARI SITUS MELOLO, SUMBA, NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR (Hypoplasia Enamels in Human Skull Preparation from Melolo Site, Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara)

Cultural changes that occur during the Neolithic final transition to the beginning of the metal age are slowly providing consequences for the health problems of a population. Lifestyle changes that occurred during the transition resulted in the emergence of growth stress that must be faced by the population living in transition. Causes of developmental stress are unequal living conditions, nutritional stress, illness, dietary changes, and increased population density. Stress of growth period experienced by individuals can be recorded on bones and teeth as a pathology. Therefore, bones and teeth are part of the body that has plastic and dynamic characteristic. The pathology that can be recorded on the teeth as an indicator of stress is Enamel Hipoplasia (EH). The purpose of this study is to describe the emergence of EH on the remaining order of human prehistori from Melolo site. The emergence of EH is identified macroscopically and uses photography methods with Alternative Light Source UV light tehnologi for documentation. EH on the remaining human skeletal order of Melolo has a pattern of horizontal or horizontal grooves called Linier Enamel Hipoplasia (LEH). EH with the LEH pattern is owned by 3 individuals from Melolo as a response from the development of transitional life from the late Neolithic era to the beginning of the metal age with the pattern of agriculture. Abstrak Perubahan budaya yang terjadi pada masa transisi akhir neolitik menuju awal zaman logam secara perlahan memberikan konsekwensi terhadap munculnya masalah kesehatan suatu populasi. Perubahan gaya hidup yang terjadi pada masa transisi mengakibatkan munculnya stres masa pertumbuhan yang harus dihadapi oleh populasi yang hidup pada masa itu. Penyebab munculnya stres masa pertumbuhan adalah ketidakseimbangan kondisi lingkungan tempat tinggal, tekanan gizi, kemunculan penyakit, perubahan pola diet, dan peningkatan jumlah kepadatan populasi. Stres masa pertumbuhan yang dialami oleh individu dapat terekam pada tulang dan gigi sebagai suatu patologi karena tulang dan gigi merupakan bagian tubuh yang plastis dan dinamis. Patologi yang dapat terekam pada gigi sebagai indikator terjadinya stres adalah Enamel Hipoplasia (EH). Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan kemunculan EH pada sisa rangka manusia prehistori dari situs Melolo. Kemunculan EH diidentifikasi secara makroskopis menggunakan metode fotografi dengan tehnik Alternative Light Source sinar UV untuk dokumentasi. EH pada sisa rangka manusia prehistori dari Melolo berjenis lekuk mendatar atau horizontal yang disebut Linier Enamel Hipoplasia (LEH). EH berjenis LEH yang ditemukan pada tiga individu dari Melolo timbul sebagai respon terhadap perkembangan kehidupan pada masa transisi dari zaman akhir neolitik menuju awal zaman logam yang bercorak agrikultur.

The Simulation and Analysis of Physical Ranging Process Based on Optimal Alternative Light Source Technology

This paper proposes a novel non-contact single point ranging method in which the laser light source is replaced by the white light in the projector. It will project the blank points on the standard plate. With the videos by CCD camera, the advanced image processing technology will be applied to correct the image accuracy and remove the exterior interference to finish the ranging optimization. The experiment results illustrate the method is accessible and the measurement errors are acceptable.