Efficacy of Two Predatory Coccinellid Specie Feeding on Different Desities of Bemisia Tabaci (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) Nymphs in The Laboratory

Aseries of experiments were conducted laborators of biollogical control in the postgraduate laboratory at the Al-Mussaib Technical College, AL-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University-Iraq in 2020, The larval and adult phase of Hippodamia variegate and Coccinella Septempunctata.L were reard on different densities of Bemisia tabaci nymphs to reveae theis predation and the effect on this longevity too: The average number of predation whitefly nymphs per day from each age larvae and adults of the thirteen-spoted ladybird H. variegate and the seven- spoted ladybird C. Septempunctata. L was in direct proportion to the increase in the density of the whitefly nymphs supplied for it daily, The highest average of thirteen point ladybird larvae was (48.60) at density (64) nymphs/whitefly at the first larval phase. While the lowest rate of first-stage larvae was (6.40) at density (2) nymphs/whitefly for the same larval phase, while the highest average of fourth-stage larvae was (131.20) at density (64) nymphs/whitefly. While the lowest average of the fourth larvae phase was (39.20) at density (8) nymphs/whitefly, As for the seven- spoted ladybird, the highest average of first-phase larvae reached (53.80) at density (64) nymphs/whitefly, while the lowest average of first-phase larvae reached (5.40) at density (2) nymphs/whitefly for the same larval phase. While the highest average of fourth phase larvae was (160.40) at density (64) nymph/whitefly, while the lowest average of fourth phase larvae was (46.00) at density (4) nymph/whitefly. The number of whitefly nymphs preyed by the thirteen- spoted ladybird H. variegate is less than the number of whitefly nymphs preyed by the seven- spoted ladybird C. Septempunctata. L. The daily average of predation for male predation ladybirds understudy for whitefly nymphs is less than the daily average for females with significant differences.

The biology and taxonomy of Hyperaspis pantherina (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and the classical biological control of its prey, Orthezia insignis (Homoptera: Ortheziidae)

Between 1908 and 1959, the predatory coccinellid, Hyperaspis pantherina Fürsch, was released for the biological control of the ensign scale Orthezia insignis Browne in Hawaii, four African countries and Peru. Substantial control was reported after all the releases, although the outcome was disputed in Malawi. Other coccinellid species and predatory Diptera were released against Orthezia spp. in various programmes from 1952 to 1977. In most cases these agents failed to establish, and there were no reported effects on the target Orthezia spp. In 1993, H. pantherina was released in St Helena for the control of O. insignis on the endemic gumwood tree, Comm idendrum robustum (Compositae). Preparatory investigations for this release revealed that the taxonomy and biology of this biocontrol agent were poorly known. Hyperaspis pantherina is redescribed and shown to be the correct name for the species previously known incorrectly as H. jocosa (Mulsant). Hyperaspis laeta Gorham and H. levrati (Mulsant) are transferred to the genus Cyra Mulsant (comb. n.). Hyperaspis metator (Casey) (stat. rev.) is resurrected from synonymy with H. levrati auctt. Studies of the life history revealed that H. pantherina normally lays its eggs directly onto the adult female O. insignis and that the first two instars of the larvae are frequently passed inside the ovisac of the female host, after which the host itself is often consumed. The information on the biology and taxonomy of H. pantherina, together with details of culturing methods, should facilitate the further use of this agent for the classical biological control of O. insignis, a pantropical pest.