‘SKAM Italia did it again’. The multiple lives of a format adaptation from production to audience experience

SKAM Italia, the Italian version of the Norwegian SKAM format, was first released in Spring 2018 and has reached its fourth season in May 2020, overcoming several industrial struggles and slowly engaging an increasing, young and local audience. This article aims to integrate a production–distribution and reception perspective, showing how they mutually reinforce the series’ identity: the peculiarity of SKAM’s distribution system fostered the audience’s engagement, until its complicated production history brought the series to a more conventional circulation. Mutual exchanges between professionals and audiences on a global level are always counterbalanced by national negotiations, influencing the series’ life cycle.

Conceptualising Reuse in African Households: Perspectives from Chembe, Malawi

African households are often models of sustainability, practicing daily behaviours, which, if even not directly associated by the individual with Western conceptualisations of ‘recycling’ or ‘reuse’, have dramatically positive impacts on the amounts of household waste generated. However, rarely has the African household been given the same consideration, and there is a poor understanding within the discipline how poor individuals, and Africans in particular, understand and conceptualise ‘waste’ as both a problem and a resource. Drawing on Kennedy and Appadurai’s theoretical perspectives, the purpose of this article is to critically examine and contextualise household solid waste reuse practices in Chembe, Malawi, a rapidly densifying village and a constituent part of one of the nation’s premier resort destinations. Drawing on extensive ethnographic fieldwork with residents and stakeholders, findings suggest that, within Chembe, reuse practices, and the motivations that drive them, are both widespread and diverse, with a multitude of ‘waste’ items living multiple ‘lives’ before being ultimately discarded as ‘trash’. These behaviours are facilitated by the fact that many desirable waste items are widely available locally within Chembe, and although some of these reuse practices may be widespread within Malawi, others have been uniquely fostered by Chembe’s position as an affluent tourism destination with abundant and easily accessible waste streams. This investigation is particularly important within the context of rural Africa, and the Global South more broadly. Moreover, it should critically inform circular economy, zero waste, and broader waste management studies discourse, where African households have been habitually treated as problems needing solutions, rather than potential sources of innovation and learning.

A Three-Century Journey: The Lost Manuscript of the History of the Incas by Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa

The History of the Incas is a chronicle written in Cusco, Peru, at the end of the sixteenth century, by Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa. It was never published in the colonial period and its only manuscript was lost for three hundred years. At the end of the nineteenth century, the manuscript was found in Göttingen, Prussia. This research note is about a missing manuscript and its unexpected discovery. Moreover, it is about the long and uncharted journey of the History in its multiple lives through Peru, Spain, the Netherlands, and Germany.

3. The multiple lives of arbitration

This chapter describes some of the main types of cases in which parties use arbitration. First, there are disputes that pit two countries one against the other, which can be referred to as ‘interstate’ or ‘international’ or sometimes ‘inter-governmental’ disputes. Then there are disputes between private parties: individuals in dispute with one another; individuals in dispute with companies; or companies in dispute with other companies. Legal scholars call these ‘private’ disputes. And, third, there are disputes between a private party, such as an individual or a company, and a government. In the field of dispute settlement, these types of disputes are known as ‘mixed’ disputes.