The relevance of broadcasting regulation in the era of media convergence

The Broadcasting Law Number 32, 2002 regulates about broadcasting media in Indonesia. Technological development that brings the media convergence era, becomes one of the biggest challenge for the broadcasting regulation in this country. One of the form of media convergence is the convergence ownership, that is the ownership merger of media company as various platform under one company name. Media Nusantara Citra Tbk (MNC) is an example for this. Using library research method, this research analyze broadcasting regulation relevance of the Broadcasting Law Number 32, 2002 in the media convergence era, particularly convergence ownership implemented by MNC. The researcher found from this research that the Broadcasting Law Number 32, 2002 does not yet include media convergence issue, in which convergence ownership is included. This law depicted only the limitation of media ownership, where the limitation itself is not explained in detail. With the unclear convergence ownership regulation, in this case, MNC could be freely expanding its business network of broadcasting media (TV and radio), printed media, even online media. Moreover, MNC also has the control to three of Indonesia's biggest TV broadcasting media, namely RCTI, Global TV and MNC TV. This urges Indonesia's government to act immediately by revising the regulation of media broadcasting to be adaptable to the era of media convergence, specifically to convergence ownership issue.

The relevance of broadcasting regulation in the era of media convergence

The Broadcasting Law Number 32, 2002 regulates about broadcasting media in Indonesia. Technological development that brings the media convergence era, becomes one of the biggest challenge for the broadcasting regulation in this country. One of the form of media convergence is the convergence ownership, that is the ownership merger of media company as various platform under one company name. Media Nusantara Citra Tbk (MNC) is an example for this. Using library research method, this research analyze broadcasting regulation relevance of the Broadcasting Law Number 32, 2002 in the media convergence era, particularly convergence ownership implemented by MNC. The researcher found from this research that the Broadcasting Law Number 32, 2002 does not yet include media convergence issue, in which convergence ownership is included. This law depicted only the limitation of media ownership, where the limitation itself is not explained in detail. With the unclear convergence ownership regulation, in this case, MNC could be freely expanding its business network of broadcasting media (TV and radio), printed media, even online media. Moreover, MNC also has the control to three of Indonesia's biggest TV broadcasting media, namely RCTI, Global TV and MNC TV. This urges Indonesia's government to act immediately by revising the regulation of media broadcasting to be adaptable to the era of media convergence, specifically to convergence ownership issue.

The in Vitro Embryo and the Law: The Ownership Issue and a Response to Robinson

In 2012 the Minister of Health made the Regulations Relating to the Artificial Fertilisation of Persons, which provide that the woman who intends to be made pregnant with an in vitro embryo owns such an embryo and can control the embryo's fate in specified ways. Given that in vitro embryos are outside the woman's body, the rationale for these provisions cannot be to protect the woman's bodily integrity. These provisions are, however, problematic from a constitutional perspective, as they: exclude fathers across the board, and impede the right of all intended parents who will not gestate the pregnancy, like surrogacy commissioning parents, to make decisions regarding reproduction – which include the right not to reproduce and hence to veto the further use of an in vitro embryo for reproductive purposes. Robinson argues that the legislative intent with the 2012 Regulations was not to establish ownership of in vitro embryos, and that in vitro embryos are not legal objects (or subjects), but rather form part of the legal subjectivity of their parents. I respond that the language used in the relevant provision is plain and clear in establishing ownership of in vitro embryos, and that in vitro embryos are therefore legal objects. I further suggest that Robinson's proposition of in vitro embryos forming part of the legal subjectivity of their parents may address the gender equality concern with the 2012 Regulations, but that it in turn causes other problems. In particular, Robinson's rationale for his proposition is problematic, as it appears to conflate the embryo with the prospective child. I rely on the important recent judgment in Ex Parte KAF 2019 2 SA 510 (GJ) that held explicitly that the in vitro embryo should not be equated with the prospective child. Finally, I respond to Robinson's critique of my 2005 article, by clarifying the research questions and answers of that article. I highlight the importance of the moral status of the in vitro embryo to legal and ethical debates relating to the in vitro embryo, and invite academic debate on the topic.

Influencing Factors of Corporate Risk Disclosure Rate on Banking Industry in Indonesia

This research wants to examine the effects of Bank Size (CSIZE), Profitability (PROFIT), Public Shares Ownership (ISSUE), Total Number of the Board of Commissioner (BSIZE), Total Meeting of the Board of Commissioner (RPTDEKOM), and Member of Commissioner with background from Banking Supervisory Institution (BIDEKOM) to Corporate Risk Disclosure (CRD). This research analysis method using multiple linear regression analysis models. The result of this research shows that the data has fulfilled the classical assumption, such as: there is no multicollinearity and heteroscedasticity also data has distributed normally. From the regression analysis, found that partially Bank Size, Profitability and Member of Commissioner with Background from Banking Supervisory Institution variable, are significant to Corporate Risk Disclosure, while Public Share Ownership, Total Number of the Board of Commissioner and Total Meeting of the Board of Commissioner are not significant to Corporate Risk Disclosure.

Ownership of Copyright in Works Created During Employment Relationships

The copyright in its infancy was provide protection only for the category of works of fine art but challenges followed by creations immediately should be undertaken measures regarding copyright during employment relationship. When authors of creations have seen the benefit of copyrights, they have risen their voice and acted to protect their creation. Therefore, it is very important that employers and employees with employment contract or agreement later make accurate determinations and clearly define their agreement. Law on Copyright in Kosovo almost every provision cited in this article has left open the possibility of defining many issues between parties, such as the expiration of period of rights to the employer, extra compensation etc. In the absence of clear contractual provisions shall apply copyright, and companies, that have invested heavily in a certain work, will lose right after the expiration of 10 years and all contracts that are associated with third parties, other-companies for allowing the use of a work after this deadline will be invalid because a party cannot achieve the right of copyright. This situation could cause many problems in the future for Kosovo companies which do not have much knowledge about the legislation in the field of copyright and do not take precautions to regulate the issue of transfer of rights to their employees. This Article discusses the idea ownership issue in the context of employment and independent contractor relationships. The paper recommends that since copyright is not familiar with the business regarding changing performance, therefore Kosovo laws should adequately support these circumstances of ownership in order for employees to give their best on his career. How employees could be owners of copyright. Which particular articles of Kosovo law on copyright should change?

A STUDY ON THE SUCCESSION MODEL OF FAMILY BUSINESSS

Family business has to face issues such as ownership issue, governance structure issue and succession issue, etc. in enterprise development history. Among them, the succession issue is an important transition point in enterprise’s survival and development. It is thus thought of as one of the most important strategic and decision making issues in the enterprise. This article aims at investigating the succession model of Family business. First, reviews are done on the meaning of Family business. Next, reviews and comments are made on the related models of the succession of Family business. It can be seen from the research that the ways of succession of Family business can be divided into process point of view and psychological point of view. Finally, main conclusions of this article are summarized and perspectives are also made on the future researches.