The results of studies of the structure, mechanical and tribological properties of composite materials based on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and simple (Al2 O3, Cr2 O3, ZrO2) and complex (spinels CoAl2 O3 and MgAl2 O4, and cordierite 2MgO · 2Al2 O3 · 5SiO2) oxide nanopowders, as well as amorphous polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with heat stabilizers and elastomeric additives, are presented.