POTENSI BAHAYA DEBU SILIKA TERHADAP KESEHATAN PANDAI BESI DESA MEKARMAJU KABUPATEN BANDUNG

Mekarmaju Village in Bandung Regency is a place of the greatest blacksmith that still exist in West Java. Their activity using the grinding tool causes dust formation in work area. Silica is the chemical element in dust with the second highest grade after Fe and it is classified in Group 1 substances as carcinogenic to humans. Blacksmith are very potentially have lung disease due to frequent of crystalline silica exposure through inhalation, not using personal protective equipment like masks and the condition of knife and agricultural equipment workshop that are not supported by adequate ventilation. The purpose of this research is to analyze the potencial hazard of crystalline silica exposure to the health of blacksmith in Mekarmaju village. This research was done with an exposed group of 30 people. Respirable crystalline silica analysis was done by the X-ray Diffraction (XRD) method based on MDHS 101 in 2005. The results showed the average of crystalline silica concentration for 8 hours was 0.2147 mg/m3 where 16 people exceeded SE 01/MEN/1997, 27 people exceeded the TLV-TWA ACGIH and 6 people exceeded the PEL OSHA. Average of Chronic Daily Intake (CDI) value was 0.0140 mg/kg.day. Based on threshold value in PER.13/MEN/X/2011, there were 6 people have Hazard Index (HI) value more than 1 which means that their daily activity in work area will endanger the health of lungs.Keywords: Mekarmaju village, hazard index, concentration, crystalline silica, blacksmithABSTRAKDesa Mekarmaju di Kabupaten Bandung merupakan tempat pandai besi terbesar yang masih ada di Jawa Barat. Kegiatan menggunakan gerinda menyebabkan terbentuknya debu pada area kerja. Silika merupakan unsur kimia pada debu dengan kadar tertinggi kedua setelah Fe dan silika diklasifikasikan sebagai Grup 1 yaitu karsinogenik bagi manusia. Pekerja pandai besi sangat berpotensi mengidap penyakit paru-paru karena seringnya terpapar kristal silika melalui inhalasi, tidak menggunakan alat pelindung diri berupa masker dan kondisi lingkungan kerja yang tidak didukung oleh ventilasi yang memadai. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis potensi bahaya kristal silika terhadap kesehatan pandai besi di Desa Mekarmaju. Jumlah responden yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 30 orang. Analisis kristal silika terinhalasi dilakukan dengan metode X-ray Diffraction (XRD) berdasarkan MDHS 101 tahun 2005. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi kristal silika rata-rata selama 8 jam kerja adalah 0,2147 mg/m3. Dari 30 orang responden, 16 orang melebihi NAB SE 01/MEN/1997, 27 orang melebihi TLV-TWA ACGIH, dan 6 orang melebihi PEL OSHA. Chronic Daily Intake (CDI) kristal silika rata-rata sebesar 0,0140 mg/kg.hari. Berdasarkan NAB kristal silika PER.13/MEN/X/2011, terdapat 6 orang memiliki nilai Hazard Index (HI) lebih besar dari 1 yang berarti pekerjaan yang dilakukan oleh 6 orang tersebut termasuk pekerjaan yang membahayakan kesehatan paru-paru.Kata kunci: Desa Mekarmaju, hazard index, konsentrasi, kristal silika, pandai besi

A biokinetic model to describe the distribution and excretion of arsenic by man following acute and chronic intakes of arsenite/arsenate compounds by ingestion

An empirical mathematical model, comprising 17 compartments, has been produced to describe the biokinetics of ingested inorganic arsenic (As) in man — required to interpret bioassay data and to predict As tissue concentrations resulting from acute and chronic intakes of inorganic As. The rate constants used to describe the bi-directional transfer of As between compartments were chosen to result in model outcomes that match published data on the distribution of As in tissues and on the retention and excretion of radioisotopes of As administered to human subjects. The model was deployed in acute and chronic intake modes to produce predictions of tissue concentrations and excretion levels. Under conditions of chronic daily intake (1 μg d-1) for 50 years predicted final tissue concentrations vary by a factor of ∼2. Highest concentrations are predicted to occur in skin and bone (∼230ng kg-1). Tissue concentrations in all tissues other than bone are predicted to reach equilibrium after ∼100 days, and at this time, the amount of As excreted in urine has also reached approximate equilibrium at 79% of the daily dietary intake. This level then remains relatively constant unless intake ceases when tissue levels of As fall rapidly. Data on organic and inorganic As concentrations in urine were used to predict inorganic As intake and average tissue content for the USA population. Predicted tissue concentrations ranged from 2.3 μg kg -1 in skin to 1.1 μg kg-1 in muscle for an average inorganic As intake of 9.3 μg d-1.