Rewitched: Retextuality and the Queering of Bewitched

At the same time the 1960s sitcom Bewitched aired in reruns next to drag queens on LOGOtv, a cable channel targeted to LGBTQ viewers, it also aired on the former National Christian Network channel (FamilyNet) immediately preceding a lineup of church programs featuring far-right, anti-gay hosts. Bewitched's ability to appeal to these very different channels’ brands and audiences underscores a textual vigor and sustainability for success in syndication that even the best so-called quality shows today lack. While some may deride a study of syndication (and reruns especially) as irrelevant and passé, syndicated programs are neither of those things if their continued popularity assures our familiarity with them. As a text, Bewitched is already supple enough to motivate two politically opposing media brands to pick it up, but the context of each of these channels’ flow, including commercials, station IDs, and edits to content, can make the experience of watching the same episode of any show on different channels a wholly different textual experience. This article returns to foundational theories of TV flow and intertextuality to propose retextuality as a theoretical and methodological intervention in studies of television. It argues that in syndication, the production labor of syndicators, executives, programmers, and marketing departments effectively retextualizes shows like Bewitched, offering scholars opportunities for new textual analyses and new insight into the marginalized and queer audiences syndicated programming often serves.

TV Commercials' Second Life

The objective of this article is to look at the cultural indicators of television in the Netherlands from the perspective of feature that is essential to commercial TV - audiovisual advertisements. TV advertisements have been continuously gaining recognition as vital part of shared, cultural memory amongst audiences. It is therefore worth looking into the current practices of archiving and reuse of these ephemeral texts, including the digital environment. Once any commercial is removed from its original context of the broadcast TV flow and of its commercial layer, to be then placed in the archival setting – its meaning becomes radically altered. Consequently, the question is - what is left of a commercial and what becomes a cultural memory, often embedded deeply in collective psyche of generations of broadcast viewers, in the archival environment?

Making The Most of the Archive

In the last 20 years, Italian television has discovered the richness and profitability of its enormous archives. Many new programmes have been broadcast on public and commercial television, making extensive use of historical fragments taken from previously aired shows. This essay explores the rationale behind the commercial re-use of TV archives in four different programmes: the “variety show made of variety shows” Da Da Da, the militant pastiche Blob, the commercial programming remix Super Show, the comedy history rewritten by La Super Storia On the basis of these programmes, the consequences and risks of putting de-contextualized pieces taken from the past into the contemporary TV flow will be explored.

Abstract 4566: Growth and Function of Hypoplastic Right Ventricles and Tricuspid Valves in Infants with Pulmonary Atresia and Intact Ventricular Septum

Objectives The pulmonary atresia intact septum (PAIVS) spectrum includes very hypoplastic right ventricles (RVs) and tricuspid valves (TVs) as well as RV-coronary artery connections (RV-CACs). These abnormalities are often thought irreversible and only 30 – 40% reach a 2-ventricle repair (2VR). Our hypothesis, however, has been PAIVS is a developmental defect and catch-up growth is possible. We provide up to 10 year data on RV and TV growth and function after 2VR. Methods Follow-up echo data were sought on the 24 survivors of the 28 patients (pts) treated from 1989 –1999. Two pts with Ebstein’s anomaly and one without coronary-aorta connections were excluded. Biplane echos were required for accurately estimating RV volume, TV size, and function. Measurements were indexed (I) to determine the z-values (standard deviation of the mean from predicted). Results All patients had an RV outflow patch and ASD reduction. Growth required complete relief of RV obstruction and a mildly restrictive (3–5 mmHg) ASD to encourage TV flow. A central shunt was placed in 38%. RV-CACs (2.7 ± 1.6/pt) were uneventfully ligated off bypass in 9/28 (32%). For the 24 survivors, 19 adequate paired biplane studies were obtained and 12 approached 10 year follow-up. No central shunts remained. The other survivors were satisfactory on local follow-up visits. The TVs, despite increased flow, grew more slowly than RVs. But even very small TVs in 10 pts went from z-values of −4.6 ± 0.4 to −0.04 ± −1.5 within 5–10 years. Normal size was achieved in 9/10 and 1 went from z = −5.2 to −3.1. Valvotomies were done in 3. RV function was high normal (EF = 74.5 ± 0.1%) because of pulmonary regurgitation in 8 pts with adequate studies. Conclusions 1) Catch-up growth appears reliable in PAIVS pts even for TV z-values ≤ −4.0. 2) The consequences of PAIVS can be reversed by growth when RV obstruction is relieved and TV flow increased. 3) RV function was good and resembled well repaired TOF. 4) These results encourage pursuing 2VRs in PAIVS pts. Paired follow-up z-values and indexed sizes for the RVs and TVs