MANUAL MEDICINE EVOLVEMENT FEATURES WORLDWIDE AND IN RUSSIA

The article describes phases of the manual therapy method appearance and evolvement in medical practice worldwide, in the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation. Important problems, which must be solved by manual therapy doctors for providing for further development of the scientifi c and practical bases of manual therapy, are identifi ed.

Manual medicine, manual therapy

Manual medicine is the medical discipline that deals with diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of reversible functional disturbances in the locomotor system and other related organ systems. The current article illustrates neuroanatomical and neurophysiological fundamentals of the mechanisms of manual diagnostics and treatment. Based on the recent literature and consideration of different scientifically based clinical guidelines, the evidence-based effectiveness of manual therapeutic procedures is presented. Acute and chronic low back pain, cervicogenic headache, neck and shoulder pain, radicular arm pain, dysfunctional thoracic pain syndromes, diseases of the rotator cuff, carpal tunnel syndrome, and plantar fasciitis are included. Clinical case studies illustrate the clinical procedures. The term, the origin, and the clinical presence of “osteopathy” are addressed in detail, and the national and international societies of manual medicine (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Manuelle Medizin [DGMM], European Scientific Society of Manual Medicine [ESSOMM], Fédération Internationale de Medicine Manuelle [FIMM]) are portrayed lexically. Finally, contraindications to manual intervention are presented and an outlook on the requirements and possibilities of scientific pain analysis is given in accordance with the preamble of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Orthopädie und Orthopädische Chirurgie (GSOOC) guidelines on specific low back pain.

Effects of Osteopathic Manipulation and Other Manual Manipulative Treatments on Cystic Fibrosis

Context: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease that affects multiple organ systems, and symptoms include chronic cough, gastrointestinal (GI) malabsorption, exercise intolerance, and chronic pain. Examples of standard treatments are nebulizers, supplementary enzymes, chest percussive therapy, respiratory therapy, and lifestyle modifications. Objective: The purpose of the current review was to determine whether manual therapies, such as osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT), in conjunction with standard treatments, provide symptom relief for patients with CF. Methods: PubMed was searched to identify studies investigating the role of manual medicine in the care of CF patients. Search terms included chiropractic, physical therapy, physiotherapy, osteopathic, manipulation, massage, and manual medicine. All terms were searched in combination with cystic fibrosis. Studies investigating only exercise or chest percussive therapy as adjunctive treatments were excluded. Results: Eight studies were found that investigated manual therapies alone or in conjunction with exercise for treatment of CF symptoms. All studies reported improvement after manual therapy in 1 or more symptoms, such as posture, GI symptoms, peak airflow, anxiety, back or chest pain, or breathing. Study types included a case study, prospective observational studies, and randomized controlled trials. Most studies were small and statistically underpowered. In an inpatient/outpatient observational study of adults with CF, patients reported a significant reduction in pain after a single physiotherapy treatment, and inpatients also reported significantly improved breathing after treatment. In a randomized controlled trial involving adult CF outpatients, there was a significant improvement in chest and back pain scores between the OMT and control groups. Conclusions: Results of the current review suggested patients with CF can experience symptom relief after OMT and similar manual therapies. Patients subjectively reported improvement with manual therapies, and studies found statistically significant decreases in pain after a single treatment. However, larger studies with sufficient statistical power are needed to further define the role of manual therapies as adjunctive treatment for symptom relief in CF patients.