A Framework for Automated Scraping of Structured Data Records From the Deep Web Using Semantic Labeling

The intent of this research is to come up with an automated web scraping system which is capable of extracting structured data records embedded in semi-structured web pages. Most of the automated extraction techniques in the literature captures repeated pattern among a set of similarly structured web pages, thereby deducing the template used for the generation of those web pages and then data records extraction is done. All of these techniques exploit computationally intensive operations such as string pattern matching or DOM tree matching and then perform manual labeling of extracted data records. The technique discussed in this paper departs from the state-of-the-art approaches by determining informative sections in the web page through repetition of informative content rather than syntactic structure. From the experiments, it is clear that the system has identified data rich region with 100% precision for web sites belonging to different domains. The experiments conducted on the real world web sites prove the effectiveness and versatility of the proposed approach.

Variation in mild context-sensitivity

Aravind Joshi famously hypothesized that natural language syntax was characterized (in part) by mildly context-sensitive generative power. Subsequent work in mathematical linguistics over the past three decades has revealed surprising convergences among a wide variety of grammatical formalisms, all of which can be said to be mildly context-sensitive. But this convergence is not absolute. Not all mildly context-sensitive formalisms can generate exactly the same stringsets (i.e. they are not all weakly equivalent), and even when two formalisms can both generate a certain stringset, there might be differences in the structural descriptions they use to do so. It has generally been difficult to find cases where such differences in structural descriptions can be pinpointed in a way that allows linguistic considerations to be brought to bear on choices between formalisms, but in this paper we present one such case. The empirical pattern of interest involves wh-movement dependencies in languages that do not enforce the wh-island constraint. This pattern draws attention to two related dimensions of variation among formalisms: whether structures grow monotonically from one end to another, and whether structure-building operations are conditioned by only a finite amount of derivational state. From this perspective, we show that one class of formalisms generates the crucial empirical pattern using structures that align with mainstream syntactic analysis, and another class can only generate that same string pattern in a linguistically unnatural way. This is particularly interesting given that (i) the structurally-inadequate formalisms are strictly more powerful than the structurally-adequate ones from the perspective of weak generative capacity, and (ii) the formalism based on derivational operations that appear on the surface to align most closely with the mechanisms adopted in contemporary work in syntactic theory (merge and move) are the formalisms that fail to align with the analyses proposed in that work when the phenomenon is considered in full generality.

A quantum algorithm for string matching

Algorithms that search for a pattern within a larger data-set appear ubiquitously in text and image processing. Here, we present an explicit, circuit-level implementation of a quantum pattern-matching algorithm that matches a search string (pattern) of length M inside a longer text of length N. Our algorithm has a time complexity of $$\tilde{O}(\sqrt{N})$$ O ̃ ( N ) , while the space complexity remains modest at O(N + M). We report the quantum gate counts relevant for both pre-fault-tolerant and fault-tolerant regimes.

Transoral Outlet Reduction (TORe): Could Additional Sutures Cause More Harm?

Background: The double purse-string pattern (DPSP) of transoral outlet reduction (TORe) should conceivably result in a more robust scaffolding for the gastro-jejunal anastomosis (GJA). But there is a paucity of literature pertaining to post-TORe stenosis as an adverse event (AE). Our aim was to determine the rate of stenosis, its potential predictors, and other AEs of the DPSP TORe. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of 129 consecutive patients who underwent DPSP TORe between December 2015 and August 2019. Results: The adverse event rate (AER) of TORe was 17.1% (n=22), with a 13.2% (n=17) rate of stenosis. Stenosis was not significantly associated with any baseline characteristics. GJA diameter (GJAD) pre-TORe, procedure duration, GJAD at end-of-TORe, and difference in GJAD between pre-TORe and end-of-TORe, were not predictive of stenosis. Of those that developed stenosis, 10 (58.8%) responded to endoscopic balloon dilation while 7 (41.2%) required stent placement. Conclusion: Due to its high AER, the DPSP technique should not be used as the procedure provides no benefit and increased procedure complexity.