Religious Policy

A Roman emperor in late antiquity had to deal not only with military, administrative, and communicative matters, but also with the complex religious affairs of the time. Jovian was a Christian, and he made a clean break with Julian’s pro-pagan measures and returned to the religious policy of Constantine and Constantius II. He did not, however, issue anti-pagan measures. Jovian may have been in favor of Nicene Christianity if we can believe Athanasius’s letter addressed to him, as well as the Petitiones Arianorum. This set of four petitions to Jovian have been preserved among the apologetical writings of Athanasius and should therefore be treated with caution. In general, Jovian seems to have taken no sides in the various christological conflicts and debates of his time. He propagated religious tolerance as is evident from Themistius’s consular oration. Whether he issued a law of religious tolerance, as Themistius seems to suggest, remains in doubt. Regulating religion, dealing with dogmatic issues, or taking a position himself in religious conflicts seem not to have been among Jovian’s primary concerns.

Performance, Politics, and Historiography in and out of Time: American Responses to the Paris Commune

American echoes of the Paris Commune have been muffled by the nation’s obsession with freedom at the expense of solidarity, but performative responses to social upheaval, including drama, parades, and protests, have tested the boundaries of public space and multiple temporalities from 1871 to 2021. This article notes traces of the Commune in the writings and performances of nineteenth century American anarchists but analyzes this legacy primarily in the 2012 performance of Brecht’s The Days of the Commune (1949) at New York sites claimed by the Occupy Movement in 2011. It also uses the argument of Brecht’s contemporary Ernst Bloch for cultural action grounded in an understanding of historical disappointment to anticipates setbacks while maintaining hope for future revolution. The paper delineates five theses on the politics of time: 1) the dramatic appeal of the clean break hides the tension between gradual evolution and a sudden event that ruptures the long span of history (Badiou); 2) historiography, the narrative that turns data into evidence, challenges the illusion of objectivity and thus a simple split between timely intervention and untimely interference with the established order (Nietzsche); 3) ana-chronology, the logic of untimeliness reads contemporaneity as companionship between events and agents across different times and places (Barthes); 4) recollecting history requires acts of forgetting, which shatter the constraints of the past to meet demands of the present (Renan, Nietzsche); 5) the politics of time entails the politics of place and thus requires the analysis of multiple temporalitieslayered on one site as well as political acts and performance in distinct places.

Mexico's anti-corruption measures remain ineffective

Significance Although he had been at liberty in exchange for providing information on other public figures involved in the Odebrecht bribery scandal, prosecutors requested his incarceration following a public backlash after he was seen dining in an expensive restaurant. This prompted questions regarding President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador (AMLO)’s government’s commitment to addressing corruption. Impacts AMLO’s claim that his administration represents a clean break with the past will undermine the fight against corrupt practices within it. The government’s approach to corruption will remain ineffective because it ignores the structural and institutional causes. Judges will continue to be seen as the villains who let criminals go because prosecution cases are too weak to hold up in court.

Portland Versus Alkaline Cement: Continuity or Clean Break: “A Key Decision for Global Sustainability”

This review undertakes rigorous analysis of much of the copious literature available to the scientific community on the use of alkali-activated binders (AABs) in construction. The authors’ main intention is to categorically refute arguments of that part of the scientific community underestimating or even dismissing the actual potential of AABs as alternatives to Portland cement (PC). The main premise invoked in support of those arguments is a presumed lack of material resources for precursors that would make AAB industrial-scale production unfeasible anywhere on the planet (a substantial number of scientific papers show that the raw materials required for AAB manufacture are in abundance worldwide). The review also analyses the role of alkaline activators in the chemistry of AABs; it is important to clarify and highlight that alkaline activators are not, by any means, confined to the two synthetic products (caustic soda and waterglass) mostly employed by researchers; other sustainable and efficient products are widely available. Finally, the review deals with the versatility of AAB production processes. The technologies required for the large scale manufacturing of AABs are mostly already in place in PC factories; actually no huge investment is required to transform a PC plant in a AAB factory; and quality and compositional uniformity of Alkaline Cements (binders produced through an industrial process) would be guaranteed. The last conclusions extracted from this review-paper are related with: i) the low carbon footprint of one-part AABs and ii) the urgent need of exploring standardization formulas allowing the commercial development of (sustainable) binders different from PC.

Introduction: 1918 and the Ambiguities of “Old-New Europe”

Our special issue discusses different perspectives on the important changes that took place in the transition from empire to nation-state at the end of the First World War, focusing especially on transnational connections, structural and historical continuities, and marginal voices that have been fully or partially concealed by the emphasis on a radical national awakening in 1918. Specific articles broach topics such as the implications of 1918 on notions of gender and ethnicity, 1918 and the violence of the “Greater War,” and the legacies and memories of 1918 across the 20th century. Our approach treats the “New Europe” of 1918 as a largely coherent geopolitical and cultural space, one which can be studied in an interdisciplinary fashion. We contend that 1918 is not simply a clean break in which one epoch cleanly makes way for another, but rather it is an ambiguous and contradictory pivot, one which created an “Old-New Europe” caught between the forces of the imperial past and those of the national future. Our intention is not to dismiss entirely the importance of the transformations of 1918 but rather to show how there exists a tension between those changes and the many continuities and legacies that cut across the traditional chronology.

Rhetorical Economy in Augustine's Theology

Augustine of Hippo (AD 354–430) studied and taught rhetoric for nearly two decades until, at the age of thirty-one, he left his position as professor of rhetoric in Milan to embark upon his new life as a Christian. But this was not a clean break. Previous scholarship has done much to show us that Augustine integrated rhetorical ideas about texts and speeches into his thought on homiletics, the formation of arguments, and scriptural interpretation. Over the past few decades a new movement among scholars has begun to show that Augustine also carried rhetorical concepts into areas of his thought that were beyond the typical purview of the rhetorical handbooks. This study contributes to this new movement by providing a detailed examination of Augustine’s use of the rhetorical concept of economy in his theologies of creation, history, and evil, in order to gain insights into these fundamental aspects of his thought. Ultimately, this book finds that Augustine used rhetorical economy as the logic by which he explained a multitude of tensions within, and answered various challenges to, these three areas of his thought as well as others with which they intersect—including his understandings of providence, divine activity, and divine order.

US political divisions will remain deeply entrenched

Significance The January 6 assault on the Capitol, which triggered the impeachment, followed a period in which those divisions reached a new level of intensity. Impacts A significant minority of US voters will continue to believe that the 2020 election was stolen. Senate acquittal on the impeachment charge would underscore Trump's continuing hold on Republican legislators. Some senior Republicans hope to achieve a clean break with Trump but the party base will not permit this. The growing shift from mainstream social media to encrypted services raises new questions for web-hosting companies. Rumours persist that Trump may launch a new political party or conservative media outlet.

11. Financial Orders Following Divorce or Dissolution

This chapter discusses the factors that a court will take into account when deciding on the division of money and property following a divorce or dissolution of a civil partnership. It introduces the main concepts in proceedings for financial orders under the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973, which includes all of the circumstances of the case, children, and the factors for orders involving children. It examines the factors considered by the court when deciding on financial orders and these are explained in detail. It looks at the clean break principle, pensions, and the principal case-law arising from proceedings for financial orders.

Establishing a Lot through Sanitation Clean Breaks in Produce Packing Facilities

This document is intended to highlight the importance of sanitation clean breaks in produce packing facilities and identify what is needed for a clean break to be established. This is an updated edition of the original 2013 document.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fs234 Previous version: Chapman, Benjamin, and Michelle Danyluk. 2013. “Establishing Lot Size through Sanitation Clean Breaks in Produce Packing Facilities”. EDIS 2013 (8). https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-fs234-2013.