Evaluating the effect of non-Newtonian fluid turbulent flowing for blood within a double-stenosed artery

This article describes the numerical investigation of blood rheology within an artery that includes two narrowing areas via Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to offer guidance to the community, especially surgeons, and help them to avoid the risk of stenosis. Elliptic blending Reynolds stress model and two models of viscosity have been used in this investigation utilizing STAR-CCM+ 2021.2.1. The test model includes two elliptical stenosis with a 2mm distance between them, and the area of stenosis is 75%. Results of normalized axial velocity, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and turbulent viscosity ratio (TVR) were evaluated before, through and after the stenosis in order to predict and avoid the real problems that occur from changing the area of the artery. Furthermore, Fractional flow reserve (FFR) was employed to assess the level of risk of stenosis through the artery, which depends on pressure measurements. Corresponding to the author's observation, it was found that the recirculation regions in the area between the stenosis are larger than the area after the stenosis. Moreover, the results of TKE and TVR are almost identical through and downstream of the stenosis, whereas the TKE is slightly higher with the Carreau model (arrive to 0.54 J/kg) than with the Newtonian flow (arrive to o.47 J/kg) at the upstream and through the first stenosis.

Unraveling the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Microbiome Response to Soil Rewetting

<p>Soil microbes are highly sensitive to changes in their environment, and rapidly measuring their responses is necessary to fully understand the biological processes. Drought is one of the most common environmental stresses that soil microbiomes experience, and it is important to understand the mechanisms by which the soil microbiome respond to soil dehydration. We used <sup>13</sup>C as a tracer of nutrient fluxes in desiccated soil microbiomes after rewetting to simultaneously measure aerobic respiration and track the metabolic state of the community. Here, we describe a Real Time Mass Spectrometry (RTMS) approach for rapid gas monitoring combined with omics approaches to track <sup>13</sup>C flow through a soil system.</p><p>The mechanism(s) behind the burst of rapid mineralization of soil organic matter and increased rate of CO<sub>2 </sub>release upon rewetting dry soil (termed the ‘Birch Effect’) are yet to be fully defined. One known mechanism used by microbes to protect against dehydration is the production of intracellular compounds known as osmolytes. We evaluated metabolic mechanisms produced upon rewetting a marginal soil testing the hypothesis that the rapid release of CO<sub>2 </sub>arises from the microbial processing of putative intracellular osmolytes that build up during desiccation. RTMS allows for the simultaneous, rapid and fine scale (every 2 sec) evaluation and deconvolution of the production and consumption of a number of gasses including <sup>12</sup>CO<sub>2</sub>,<sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2 </sub>and H<sub>2</sub>O.  We compared the hydration response (production of CO<sub>2 </sub>in real time) between the addition of water and <sup>13</sup>C labeled glucose dissolved in water. The initial burst of <sup>12</sup>CO<sub>2 </sub>followed by a leveling off was identical in both treatments with an additional larger increase in <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2 </sub>about 20 minutes later in the <sup>13</sup>C labeled glucose experiment. Examination of the two minutes after the water addition revealed a rapid rate of <sup>12</sup>CO<sub>2 </sub>(38 sec) and H<sub>2</sub>O (47 sec) production and slow rate of <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2 </sub>(56 sec) production followed by the consumption of O<sub>2 </sub>(67 sec) and N<sub>2 </sub>(73 sec).  Evaluation of the soil metabolomes at specified time points within 3 hours after wetting revealed the immediate release of sugars from the cells into the extracellular matrix. These results provide evidence for respiration of putative intracellular osmolytes as one driving mechanism of the Birch Effect. </p>

Avaliação da capacidade produtiva de vegetais baby leaf em sistema aquaponico na estação chuvosa e seca

A Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) revela que aproximadamente 70% de toda a água disponível no mundo é utilizada para irrigação (UNESCO, 2012). Diante desse cenário tem-se como saída buscar alternativas mais econômicas com respeito ao uso da água para viabilizar a produção de alimentos, dentre das diversas alternativas, a aquaponia tem sido indicada como uma solução para a escassez da água, de modo que a integração de plantas vegetais e microrganismos que pode reduzir o consumo de água em até 90%, se comparada aos sistemas convencionais, promover o reaproveitamento integral do efluente gerado dentro do próprio sistema (CARNEIRO et al., 2015) e pode ser utilizada em regiões onde o solo apresenta baixa fertilidade química (solos distróficos) e a água é escassa O presente estudo foi realizado na Estação Experimental de Agroecologia Chácara Delfim T61 (Latitude (S) 15° 42’ 0,05’’ e Longitude (O) 47° 51’ 27,8’’, com o objetivo de analisar a produção de hortaliças baby leaf em sistema aquapônico de flutuação na estação seca e chuvosa. A produção vegetal foi implantada em sistema aquapônico operante que conta unidade de produção piscícola composta por seis tanques, sistema de tratamento do efluente e casa de vegetação que possui uma estufa com 50 metros lineares e 7 metros de largura coberta por lona difusora de 100 micras e fechada com tela antiafídeos e abriga 4 piscinas. O cultivo vegetal se deu a partir da utilização de bandejas de isopor preenchidas com substrato inerte, foram utilizadas sementes peletizadas de alfaces Itaúna Friseé verde, Atalaia Friseé roxa e alface Brava baby leaf. Realizou-se análises de vigor e da capacidade produtiva, assim como também foram coletados dados de análise de água para verificar a efetividade do sistema. O sistema apresentou melhor qualidade de água no período da seca, sendo que na piscina de produção foram constatados valores médios de temperatura 21,80°C, pH 6,39, amônia 0,500 ppm, oxigênio 2,79 mg/l e nitrito 0,250 ppm. Os resultados demonstraram que os melhores desempenhos produtivos foram no período da seca, com os melhores resultados para a alface brava que apresentou peso médio de 14,52 g, média de 8,00 folhas por planta e peso médio a raiz de 5,00g

Photocatalytic Decomposition of N2O Over Ceramics Cordierite/CeO2 Nanoparticles

The study is focused on the testing of the photocatalytic ability to decompose nitrous oxide (N2O) over cordierite/CeO2 nanoparticles ceramic photocatalysts. The activity of ceramic materials was compared with the activity of industrially produced TiO2 (Evonik photocatalyst). Photocatalytic decomposition of N2O over the ceramic samples and the TiO2 Evonik was performed in annular batch reactor illuminated with 8 W Hg lamp (λ ═ 254 nm wavelength). Reaction kinetics was well described by pseudo 1st rate law. Photocatalytic activity of cordierite/CeO2 was better in comparison with TiO2 Evonik P25. The highest N2O conversion (56%) after 20 h of irradiation in inert gas was achieved over the sample with higher amount of CeO2. This photocatalyst sample was examined for photocatalytic activity in the decomposition of N2O in the three various gaseous feed mixtures. The gaseous feed mixtures were: N2O enriched with O2 (6.5 mol.%); N2O enriched with H2O(25 mol.%) and N2O enriched with mixture of O2 and H2O(6.5 mol.% and 25 mol.%, respectively). It is assumed that the reduced conversion of N2O (47%) observed in the flow of the mixture of N2O and H2Ocould be affected by the sorption of water vapor on/onto the photocatalyst “active sites” causing less penetration of light and thus reducing the efficiency of photocatalytic decomposition of N2O. The presence of oxygen in the N2O mixture had only little effect to photocatalytic decomposition of N2O.

ExoMol molecular line lists – XXXIII. The spectrum of Titanium Oxide

ABSTRACT Accurate line lists are crucial for correctly modelling a variety of astrophysical phenomena, including stellar photospheres and the atmospheres of extrasolar planets. This paper presents a new line database Toto for the main isotopologues of titanium oxide (TiO): $^{46}\text{Ti}^{16}\text{O}$, $^{47}\text{Ti}^{16}\text{O}$, $^{48}\text{Ti}^{16}\text{O}$, $^{49}\text{Ti}^{16}\text{O}$, and $^{50}\text{Ti}^{16}\text{O}$. The $^{48}\text{Ti}^{16}\text{O}$ line list contains transitions with wave-numbers up to 30 000 cm−1, i.e. longwards of 0.33 μm. The Toto line list includes all dipole-allowed transitions between 13 low-lying electronic states (X 3Δ, a1Δ, d 1Σ+, E 3Π, A 3Φ, B3Π, C 3Δ, b 1Π, c1Φ, f1Δ, e 1Σ+). Ab initio potential energy curves (PECs) are computed at the icMRCI level and combined with spin–orbit and other coupling curves. These PECs and couplings are iteratively refined to match known empirical energy levels. Accurate line intensities are generated using ab initio dipole moment curves. The Toto line lists are appropriate for temperatures below 5000 K and contain 30 million transitions for $^{48}\text{Ti}^{16}\text{O}$; it is made available in electronic form via the CDS data centre and via www.exomol.com. Tests of the line lists show greatly improved agreement with observed spectra for objects such as M-dwarfs GJ876 and GL581.

Aesthetic and functional retreatment of teeth #46 and #47 with questionable prognosis

Introdução: a tomada de decisão entre realizar ou não a extração de um dente com prognóstico duvidoso é comum na clínica diária. Para tomar a decisão adequada, devemos levar em consideração diversos fatores, como o prognóstico endodôntico, periodontal e restaurador, assim como fatores baseados no tipo de paciente, suas expectativas, hábitos de higiene, estado sistêmico, uso de tabaco, etc. Relato do caso: paciente não fumante, com bom estado de saúde e com muito interesse em manter todos os seus dentes. Apresentava o dente #46 com prognóstico comprometido — em termos endodônticos, periodontais e restauradores — e o #47 com um problema restaurador. Depois da adequada avaliação do caso, foi planejado o retratamento não cirúrgico no dente #46, extração do #48, aumento de coroa clínica e posterior reconstrução dos dentes, assim como duas coroas monolíticas de dissilicato de lítio. Resultados: um ano depois, observou-se o sucesso do tratamento, comprovando a cura da patologia periapical, assim como o bom funcionamento das restaurações de dissilicato de lítio. Conclusão: nesse tipo de caso, a individualização do plano de tratamento é fundamental para se obter sucesso.