Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences
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126
(FIVE YEARS 42)

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Published By Wasit University

2663-1970, 2305-6932

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
Dhuha F. Yousife ◽  
Asad H. Aldefae ◽  
Salah L. Zubaidi ◽  
Alaa N. Aldelfee

The essential factor that must get the interest by the engineers during the primary design stage of underground pipes is understanding mechanism of damage during earthquakes. The attention during design period increased due to the increment of seismic catastrophes throughout the few past decades. Therefore, finite element procedure was used for studying the seismic performance of buried pipes. PLAXIS-2D program was using for simulating the seismic performance of buried pipes using earthquake motion of single frequency. The response of both seismic vertical displacement, and acceleration of the buried pipe were simulated. The experiments of shaking table for two models of buried pipe in dry case that surrounded with sand and gravel were compared with numerical simulation results. According to the obtained results, the amplification of seismic wave raised considerably from the buried pipe base to the pipe crown, the biggest amplification occurred in the highest point of the pipe model. It can be noticed that Plaxis-2D software provides an accurate method for the prediction of seismic behaviour of buried pipe due to the obvious compatibility between the results of experiments and numerical simulation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Jameel AL-Badry ◽  
Mohammed S. Shamkhi

Groundwater is an important water source, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. Recharge is critical to managing and analyzing groundwater resources despite estimation difficulty due to temporal and spatial change. the study aim is to estimate annual groundwater recharge for the eastern Wasit Province, Iraq. Where suffers from a surface water shortage due to the region's high elevation above Tigris River water elevation by about 60 m. It is necessary to search for alternative water sources, such as groundwater use, especially with the increased demand for water in light of the growth of oil extraction in the region, where oil extraction requires a quantity of water three times the amount of oil extracted. The result shows the annual recharge calculated using the WetSpass model for the period (2014-2019) ranged from 0 to 65.176  mm/year at a rate of 27.117 mm/year and a standard deviation of 21.498. The simulation results reveal that the WetSpass model simulates the components of the hydrological water budget correctly. For managing and planning available water resources, a better grasp of the simulation of long-term average geographical distribution around the components of the water balance is beneficial.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ghalib Al-Azawy

This article describes the numerical investigation of blood rheology within an artery that includes two narrowing areas via Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Elliptic blending Reynolds stress model and two models of viscosity have been used in this investigation utilizing STAR-CCM+ 2021.2.1. The test model includes two elliptical stenosis with a 2mm distance between them, and the area of stenosis is 75%. Results of normalized axial velocity, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and turbulent viscosity ratio (TVR) were evaluated before, through and after the stenosis in order to predict and avoid the real problems that occur from changing the area of the artery. Furthermore, Fractional flow reserve (FFR) was employed to assess the level of risk of stenosis through the artery, which depends on pressure measurements. Corresponding to the author's observation, it was found that the recirculation regions in the area between the stenosis are larger than the area after the stenosis. Moreover, the results of TKE and TVR are almost identical through and downstream of the stenosis, whereas the TKE is slightly higher with the Carreau model than with the Newtonian flow at the upstream and through the first stenosis.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-33
Author(s):  
Hassan Al-Badry ◽  
Mohammed S. Shamkhi

AbstractGroundwater is an important water source, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. Recharge is critical to managing and analyzing groundwater resources despite estimation difficulty due to temporal and spatial change. The study aim is to estimate annual groundwater recharge for the eastern Wasit Province part, Iraq. Where suffers from a surface water shortage due to the region's high elevation above Tigris River water elevation by about 60 m, it is necessary to search for alternative water sources, such as groundwater use. The spatially distributed WetSpass model was used to estimate the annual recharge. The inputs for the model were prepared using the ARC-GIS program, which includes the topography and slope grid, soil texture grid, land use, groundwater level grid, and meteorological data grids for the study area for the period (2014-2019). The result shows that the annual recharge calculated using the WetSpass model (2014-2019) varied of 0 to 65.176 mm/year at an average of 27.117 mm/year, about 10.8%, while the rate of the surface runoff was 5.2% and Evapotranspiration formed 83.33% of the annual rainfall rate of 251.192 mm. The simulation results reveal that the WetSpass model simulates the components of the hydrological water budget correctly. For managing and planning available water resources, a best grasp of the simulation of long-range average geographical distribution around the water balance components is beneficial.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Mohammed G. Al-Azawy

AbstractThis article describes the numerical investigation of blood rheology within an artery that includes two narrowing areas via Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to offer guidance to the community, especially surgeons, and help them to avoid the risk of stenosis. Elliptic blending Reynolds stress model and two models of viscosity have been used in this investigation utilizing STAR-CCM+ 2021.2.1. The test model includes two elliptical stenosis with a 2mm distance between them, and the area of stenosis is 75%. Results of normalized axial velocity, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and turbulent viscosity ratio (TVR) were evaluated before, through and after the stenosis in order to predict and avoid the real problems that occur from changing the area of the artery. Furthermore, Fractional flow reserve (FFR) was employed to assess the level of risk of stenosis through the artery, which depends on pressure measurements. Corresponding to the author's observation, it was found that the recirculation regions in the area between the stenosis are larger than the area after the stenosis. Moreover, the results of TKE and TVR are almost identical through and downstream of the stenosis, whereas the TKE is slightly higher with the Carreau model (arrive to 0.54 J/kg) than with the Newtonian flow (arrive to o.47 J/kg) at the upstream and through the first stenosis.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hiba A. Bachay ◽  
Asad H. Aldefae ◽  
Salah L. Zubaidi

Tsunamis are among the most severe natural hazards known to man, and they have claimed thousands of lives and destroyed vast amounts of property throughout history. Several previous researches studied the tsunami wave run-up and its inundation to the coasts and their effect on the coastal communities. In the current study, the Dimensional analysis (DA) method was used for formulating rational hypotheses for the complicated physical conditions connected to the wave run-up study. Pairs of empirical formulas were derived: the first one for the non-dimensional wave run-up over a sandy beach, and the other for the wave run-up over the armoured beach. Based on the obtained experimental results, which were adopted as an input data for the program of IBM SPSS Statistics, v26, both formulas showed a good agreement as the coefficients of correlation were 0.93 and 0.98, respectively.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
Zuhair A Nasar

This study explores how designer interacts with the computational model. This research intends to demystify how “design knowledge” is obtained, used and processed in the age of computation. The paper shows how the computational modelling tools associated with performance-based parametric design help support design decisions during the initial design phases. Building Energy Performance (BEP) is chosen as the main context to develop a set of criteria for the iterative development, testing, evaluation, and validation of a prototype model. Therefore, as a practical work, the research explores a series of new energy simulation modelling techniques based on parametric design and multi optimization-based design. Specifically, it aims to explore, develop, and test new approaches in parametric modelling that can support energy simulation, using multi optimization, where designers can easily state the design parameters and use them in energy-performance-based design. The exploratory research approach is the main theme of this research. However, during the development of the research it was found that there is a need to blend this research design with the descriptive research approach. One of the key contributions of this study will be the development of a more direct link and useful methods for the translation of information into data inputs to support computational thinking and modelling processes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amjad H. Albayati ◽  
Zahraa A. Ramadan

This study describes traffic crash rates in selected multilane rural highways in Wasit governorate in Iraq. The main objective of this research is to investigate relationships between total, fatal crash rates and their kinds and factors such as hourly traffic flow and average spot speed. The study is based on data collected from two sources: police stations and traffic surveys. Three highways are selected to cover the locations of the accidents. The selection includes Kut – Suwera with five segments, Kut – ShekhSaad with three segments, and Kut – Hay with two segments multilane divided highways. Multiple linear regression analysis is applied to the data by using SPSS software to attain the relationships between the dependent variables and the independent variables in order to identify elements that are strongly correlated with crashes rates and severity. Seven regression models are developed which verify weak and strong statistical relationships between crashes types and average spot speed with hourly traffic flow respectively. As the hourly traffic flow of automobile grows, the need for safe traffic facilities also grown.  


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Shatha S. Hasan ◽  
Rasha H. Abd Al-Ameer ◽  
Haider A. Hassani

The use of epoxy asphalt in road paving is one of the promising solutions for long-life road pavements in service with minimal maintenance. However, the high cost still stands as an obstacle to the widespread use of this high-performance material. The use of tire rubber waste (TRW) is one of the solutions in order to reduce costs, improve the environment, and improve the performance of epoxy asphalt mixtures, in addition to alleviating the brittle behaviour that epoxy asphalt tends to. This study proposes to add TRW in improving epoxy asphalt produced in local laboratories by using phenol Novolac resin as an epoxy curing agent of the epoxy base inside asphalt binder to produce and evaluate improved epoxy asphalt. The percentage of epoxy base used was 25% of the asphalt binder mixed with a 1:1 ratio of epoxy to Novolac using potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a catalyst. Whereas the proportions of added TRW were (1%, 2%, and 3%) of the total mixture weight by using the dry mixing method. The results showed, at its best values at 2% of TRW, that there was an increase in Marshall stability by 10%, and Marshall flow remained within specification limits with a decrease in the value of air voids at the highest bulk density, and a slight decrease in indirect tensile strength by 2%, with remaining excellent resistance to moisture sensitivity at 94%, and improvement in resistance to permanent deformation (rutting) by 14%. This indicates an improvement in the improved epoxy asphalt mixtures by the addition of TRW compared to the reference epoxy asphalt mixtures.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Safa N. Idi ◽  
Mahmood A. Mahmood ◽  
Hasan F. Khazaal

In this paper, we investigate the universal filtered multi-carrier system (UFMC) for 5G and subsequent connections with the aid of the MATLAB package. It can be considered that the UFMC technology provides an advantage against inter-symbol interference (ISI) as well as inter-carrier interference (ICI) and low latency. The proposed system is simulated and analyzed in terms of error rates, the complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF), peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), error vector magnitude (EVM). In more specific, this paper shows a comparison of two UFMC systems, one with Dolph-Chebyshev filter and the other with Kaiser filter. Obtained results indicate that the performance of the UFMC with Kaiser is quite better than UFMC with Dolph-Chebyshev. Kaiser filter is employed in place of UFMC-based Dolph -Chebyshev to achieve better spectral energy and also to prevent leakage of the spectra. The obtained results also show the enhancement in the EVM and the power spectral density (PSD) criteria, e.g., Kaiser filter enhances the EVM by almost 0.2%. Furthermore, in contrast to applying the Dolph-Chebyshev window in UFMC, the Kaiser window can help in the decrease of PAPR for UFMC.


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