LAW ART

This article explores the international law narratives ‘depicted’ in Italian colonial propaganda illustrations and cartoons. The aim is to identify (international) legal arguments crafted to ‘counter-resist’ objections against the Italian colonial enterprise. These arguments provided legitimacy and neutrality to the Italian colonial endeavour and normalized a certain understanding of the colonial space and its subjects. After setting out the historical background, the article engages in a brief methodological reflection on the analytical function of illustrations and cartoons. Thereafter, it applies the methodological framework to analyse ‘counter-resistance’ international law narratives in a selection of XIX and XX century images. The article concludes by reflecting on the performative role of law, its palatability to mass-consumption and the legacy of the legal construction of the colonial mission civilisatrice.

LONGITUDINAL SHIFT OF THE BINDER AND INCLUSIONS OF A COMPOSITE WEAKENED BY TWO-PERIODIC RIGHT LINEAR CRACKS

In this paper, we consider antiplane deformation for an isotropic elastic material consisting of an infinite system of parallel identical circular cylindrical fibers covered with a uniform cylindrical film uniformly covering the surface of each fiber and a bonding medium weakened by a doubly periodic system of rectilinear cracks. Each washer has a centrally located crack that is less than the diameter of the washer. The presented stresses and their displacements are expressed in terms of an analytical function. For the solution, the well-known position is used that the displacement in the case of an antiplane shear is a harmonic function. A known representation of the solution in each area is applied through the corresponding complex analytical function. Three analytic functions are represented by Laurent series. Satisfying the boundary condition on the contours of holes and crack faces, the problem is reduced to two infinite algebraic systems with respect to the sought coefficients and to two singular integral equations with a Cauchy-type kernel. Then the singular integral equation is reduced to a finite algebraic system of equations by the Multopp – Kalandia method. The procedure for calculating the stress intensity coefficients is given. The numerical implementation of the described method is given at IBM. The results of calculations of the critical load depending on the crack length and elastic geometric parameters of the perforated medium are presented. Keywords: isotropically elastic material, doubly periodic lattice, rectilinear cracks, stress intensity factor, mean stresses, critical load, circular hole, longitudinal shear.

Ensuring Business Transparency as the Most Important Accounting and Analytical Function in the Context of the Coronacrisis

Economic entities once again found themselves in the conditions of “new normality”, now it is a global coronocrisis. The new complex context of decision-making caused by the pandemic requires that information and analytical support be kept up to date. Therefore, in this article it is proposed to pay attention to the mechanisms of ensuring transparency of business. The study begins with a discussion of the factors that contributed to the increased need for business transparency during the pandemic. At the same time, transparency is considered from the perspective of various stakeholders of the economic entity. The opportunities, benefits and effects that can become available to organizations committed to responsible and transparent functioning are also considered. The author notes the complex positive impact of transparency on the functioning of business as a whole. Further, it is proposed to focus on the problems of internal transparency caused by the peculiarities of the organization of work of employees during the pandemic. Many employees of Russian companies moved their employees to remote operation, which caused some difficulties in monitoring the implementation of business processes. Due to the need for rapid implementation of organizational changes of an innovative nature during the pandemic, the study separately presents the role of transparency in the implementation of transformational changes of the company. The paper also identifies the main areas of transparency activities.

Explicit Construction of the Inverse of an Analytic Real Function: Some Applications

In this paper, we introduce a general procedure to construct the Taylor series development of the inverse of an analytical function; in other words, given y=f(x), we provide the power series that defines its inverse x=hf(y). We apply the obtained results to solve nonlinear equations in an analytic way, and generalize Catalan and Fuss–Catalan numbers.

Determination of stress intensity factors for elements with sharp corner located on the interface of a bi-material structure or homogeneous material

This paper presents a new universal analytical and numerical method allowing for determination of stress intensity factors (SIFs) for notches and cracks located in both a homogeneous and a heterogeneous material. An advantage of the proposed method is that it does not require knowledge of an analytical description of singular stress/displacement fields or connection of SIFs to energy parameters such as energy release factor. In this method, a universal analytical function has been used, which in combination with data obtained using finite element method (FEM) allows for a direct determination of stress intensity factors. One parameter that is necessary to know when using the proposed method is the eigenvalue $$\lambda $$ λ . The characteristic equation allowing for determination of the eigenvalues for any corner has been given herein. What is more, also a criterion clearly defining the nodes is determined, from which FEM numerical results are implemented to the developed analytical function. In order to verify the proposed method, for a selected group of geometrical and material structures with sharp corner, values of stress intensity factors were determined and compared to data available in the literature. Satisfactory compliance of obtained results with literature ones was found.

Can we preserve physically meaningful “macro” analyticity without requiring physically meaningless “micro” analyticity?

Physicists working on quantum field theory actively used “macro” analyticity — e.g., that an integral of an analytical function over a large closed loop is 0 — but they agree that “micro” analyticity — the possibility to expand into Taylor series — is not physically meaningful on the micro level. Many physicists prefer physical theories with physically meaningful mathematical foundations. So, a natural question is: can we preserve physically meaningful “macro” analyticity without requiring physically meaningless “micro” analyticity? In the 1970s, an attempt to do it was made by using constructive mathematics, in which only objects generated by algorithms are allowed. This did not work out, but, as we show in this paper, the desired separation between “macro” and “micro” analyticity can be achieved if we limit ourselves to feasible algorithms.