THE STUDY OF POWER DYNAMICS AND IDENTITY CRISIS IN SORAYYA KHAN’S CITY OF SPIES

Purpose of the study: This study investigates the identity crises and power relations drawing upon Michel Foucault's theory of power tracing the impacts of power dynamics. The study investigates how power dynamics operate in the novel; what is the nature of these power relations; and how the mode of resistance emerges and in what ways by keeping the concept of power and identity by Michel Foucault. Methodology: This part follows the qualitative method in which Sorayya Khan’s City of Spies is analyzed through Foucault's theory of power. The theoretical background of this research is drawn from the concept of Power which is running in all works of Foucault. Main Findings: This study has examined the novel from a Foucauldian perspective, which posits that Power is everywhere and it comes from everywhere. For him, it is Power which/that shapes everything whether it is Truth or Identity. Foucault sees power as all-around invisibility that exposes rather than encloses like the panopticon. The society he believes works as a panopticon in which the power effectively induces in the subjects a state of conscious and permanent visibility that assures the automatic functioning of power. Applications of this study: This study can be applied to power dynamics literature. Novelty/Originality of this study: The current interpretation of the novel only sees it as a bildungsroman i.e., as a journey of a girl around the political reality of her era. This present study strives to change it by investigating through the lens of power dynamics and its consequent effect on consciousness leading to an identity crisis. The present study will strengthen the interpretation of the novel as a political novel and will illustrate the effects of the political on the human psyche.

Reactive Power Tracing Index LQP_LT for Voltage Unstable Load Bus Identification in Power Systems

Existing power systems are significantly susceptible to voltage instability problem since such systems are stressed with the huge power transfers across the grids. To guarantee power system stability during stressed conditions, it is important to first identify the voltage unstable load buses to determine appropriate locations for under voltage load shedding. In this study, a new method is proposed for determining weak load bus locations by using reactive power tracing to develop a novel reactive power tracing capable index, named as LQP_LT. The reactive power tracing algorithm is integrated with the LQP_LT index formulation to generate priority ranking list of weak load buses. The LQP_LT index was tested on the 57 bus system and the resulting priority ranking list is found to have successfully determined the weak load buses for load shedding in the test system. Comparison with other stability indices revealed that the LQP_LT has better sensitivity and response towards determining the location of the weakest load bus for under voltage load shedding implementation.

Comparison of Weak Load Bus Detection using LQP_LT Index with PV and QV Analysis of PSS/E

Identification of weak load buses which contributes to voltage instability problem is crucial in order for an appropriate mitigation action to be executed. The current power system transmission is not only stressed to deliver high load demand at the receiving end but also facing new challenges brought by the penetratrion of renewable energy sources. This new scenario requires power system operation and analysis to be robust and fast in detecting the accurate weak load bus for correction action. Due to this, many online indices to detect weak load bus during power system contingency have been developed. Nevertheless, LQP_LT is of the latest index developed which ultimately has the reactive power tracing capability for weak load bus detection and generate priority ranking list of the weak load buses. This index was tested on IEEE 14 bus test system for different contingency scenarios. The results obtained from the LQP_LT index is compared and validated with the PV and QV analyses obtained using industrial graded PSS/E software. It was concluded that the LQP_LT index is found to be robust, efficient and need less computation time as compared to the execution of voltage stability analysis using the PSS/E Tool.

Power Tracing Monitoring incorporating Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch

General power flow studies do not manage to trace the contributors by generators on power losses in the whole power transmission system. Thus, power tracing approach is utilized to address this issue. Power tracing is a termed used to describe the contributors for the power losses dissipated on the transmission line. The traditional technique made use the knowledge of circuit analysis such as cut set theory. However, there was no element of optimization which can help to achieve the optimal solution. This paper presents the power tracing monitoring during voltage stability improvement process, implemented by optimal reactive power dispatch. In this study, the impact of power tracing on voltage stability variation was investigated. Evolutionary Programming (EP) was developed and utilized to incorporate power tracing, along with voltage stability improvement. A pre-developed scalar voltage stability index was incorporated to indicate the voltage stability condition. On the other hand, the voltage stability initiative was conducted via the optimal reactive power dispatch. The power tracing was monitored for both; the pre-optimization and post-optimization scenarios. Small system model was tested to realize the power tracing phenomenon, which is rather rare study in power system community. Results on power tracing obtained during the pre- and post-optimal reactive power dispatch revealed that not all generators will involve in the contribution on the total transmission loss in the system. This can be beneficial to power system operators for allocating the cost without discrimination in the long run.