Design and development of multiphase buck converters for voltage regulator modules

<p>Modern microprocessors in high-power applications require a low input voltage and a high input current, necessitating the use of multiphase buck converters. As per microprocessor computing complexity, the power requirements of the switching converter will also be more important and will be increasing as per load demand. Previous studies introduced some methods to achieve the advantages associated with multiphase regulators. This paper presents an effective closed closed-loop control scheme for multiphase buck converters that reduces ripple and improves transient response. It is suitable for applications that require regulated output voltage with effectively reduced ripple. The analysis began with a simulation of the entire design using the OrCAD tool, followed by the construction of a hardware setup. Experiments on a 200 Khz, 9 V, 12 A, 2-phase buck voltage regulator were conducted and the proposed experiment found to be useful.</p>

Study of power management of standalone DC microgrids with battery supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system

<p>In the last years, renewable energy (RE) is increasing widely in the energy sector, and microgrid technology is overgrowing. In this paper, stand-alone microgrid using solar photovoltaic (PV) energy as a source of renewable energy is simulated to provide power for direct current (DC) loads with hybrid energy storage system (HESS) which consists of battery and supercapacitor bank. The proposed microgrid system is tested under various cases of load and variable irradiance to confirm and validate the proposed management strategy to remain the DC bus voltage within a stable limit. The performance of DC microgrid is comparing with and without supercapacitor (SC) bank and notes a desirable decrease in the magnitude of transient voltage when using HESS. The sun power SPR-E19-320 standard was simulated to analyze system performance taking into account the constant load demand. Note that HESS helps reduce transient of DC voltage very effectively in all situations. Very large transients arise due to sudden changes in load demand is also compensated by HESS. The results obtained indicate that the stand-alone DC microgrid with HESS is very beneficial for reducing transient of DC-link voltage that occurs due to sudden change in load or fault. The proposed system is performed by MATLAB/Simulink environment.</p>

SSNN-Based Energy Management Strategy in Grid Connected System for Load Scheduling and Load Sharing

The proposed research work focused on energy management strategy (EMS) in a grid connected system working in islanding mode with the connected renewable energy resources and battery storage system. The energy management strategy developed provides a balancing operation at its output by utilizing perfect load sharing strategy. The EMS technique using smart superficial neural network (SSNN) is simulated, and numerical analyses are presented to validate the effectiveness of the centralized energy management strategy in a grid connected islanded system. A SSNN prediction model is unified to forecast the associated household load demand, PV generation system under various time horizons (including the disaster condition), EV availability, and status on EV section and distance. SSNN is one the most reliable forecasting methods in many of the applications. The developed system is also accounted for degradation battery model and its associated cost. The incorporation of energy management strategy (EMS) reduces the amount of energy drawn from the grid connected system when compared with the other optimized systems.

Synchronized Operation of Grid Power, Solar Power, and Battery for Smart Energy Management

This chapter gives details of solar photovoltaic, starting from its general pros and cons. It covers the basics of site evaluation when installing a solar powered plant and various ways to overcome the uncertainties in the predicted output of the solar arrays. The efficiency of the plant can be improved with the help of maximum power point tracker (MPPT), which works on algorithms based on perturb and observe, incremental conductance, constant voltage, etc. The output of the solar PV arrays can be utilized more effectively by integrating it with grid to supply ac loads. This integration requires a power conditioning system (PCS), enabling smooth operation. Continuity of supply can be maintained by having a battery backup, for the time when both grid and solar array fail to meet the load demand. Such a system can have wide range of applications and has the potential to meet the energy demand.

Smart Metering and Pricing Policy in Smart Grids

Pricing policy is one of the tools allowing the involvement of customers in the balance between the supply and the demand in smart grids. The present chapter aims at presenting the smart metering action including the bidirectional measurement of energy for smart houses equipped with renewable energies as well as the way a smart meter communicates data at the required timing to and from the control center. A typical bill establishment explaining how the net billing is produced along with a discussion about different pricing policies that the utility may adopt to reduce the peak load demand is also presented. The work is concluded by a typical simulation of a smart city modeled in LABVIEW software.

Short term load forecasting using LSTM ensembled network on utility scale load demand.

This work entails producing load forecasting through lstm and lstm ensembled networks and put up a comparative picture between the two. Our work establishes that lstm ensemble learning can produce a better prediction compared to single lstm networks. We tried to quantify the improvement and assess the economic impact that it can have on the utility companies.

Impact of Demand Response on Optimal Sizing of Distributed Generation and Customer Tariff

Due to the surge in load demand, the scarcity of fossil fuels, and increased concerns about global climate change, researchers have found distributed energy resources (DERs) to be alternatives to large conventional power generation. However, a drastic increase in the installation of distributed generation (DGs) increases the variability, volatility, and poor power quality issues in the microgrid (MG). To avoid prolonged outages in the distribution system, the implementation of energy management strategies (EMS) is necessary within the MG environment. The loads are allowed to participate in the energy management (EM) so as to reduce or shift their demands to non-peak hours such that the maximum peak in the system gets reduced. Therefore, this article addresses the complication of solutions, merits, and demerits that may be encountered in today’s power system and encompassed with demand response (DR) and its impacts in reducing the installation cost, the capital cost of DGs, and total electricity tariff. Moreover, the paper focuses on various communication technologies, load clustering techniques, and sizing methodologies presented.