Tanned and Synthetic Leather Classification Based on Images Texture with Convolutional Neural Network

Tanned leather is an output from complex processes called tanning. Leather tanning is an important step that used to protect the fiber or protein structure of animal’s skin. Another reason of tanning process is to prevent the animal’s skin from any defect or rot. After the tanning is complete, the leather can be applied to produce a wide variety of leather products. Thus, the leather prices usually more expensive because it takes longer time in process. Another way to get cheaper price is make non-animal leather that usually known as synthetic or imitation leather. The purpose of this paper is to classify the tanned leather and synthetic leather by using Convolutional Neural Network. The tanned leather consist of cow, goat and sheep leathers. The proposed method will classify into four class, they are cow, goat, sheep and synthetic leathers. In each class consist of 160 images with 448x448 pixels size as the input data. With CNN method, this research shows a good result for the accuracy about 92.1%.

Extravagant “fake” morphemes in Dutch. Morphological productivity, semantic profiles and categorical flexibility

Dutch features several morphemes with “privative” semantics that occur as left-hand members in compounds (e.g., imitatieleer ‘imitation leather’, kunstgras ‘artificial grass’, nepjuwelen ‘fake jewels’). Some of these “fake” morphemes display great categorical flexibility and innovative adjectival uses. Nep, for instance, is synchronically attested as an inflected adjective (e.g., neppe cupcake ‘fake cupcake’). In this paper, we combine an extensive corpus study of eight Dutch “fake” morphemes with statistical methods in distributional semantics and collexeme analysis in order to compare their semantic and morphological properties and to find out which factors are the driving forces behind their exceptional “extravagant” morphological behavior. Our analyses show that debonding and adjectival reanalysis are triggered by an interplay of two factors, i.e., type frequency and semantic coherence, which allow us to range the eight morphemes on a cline from more schematic to more substantive “fake” constructions.

Fire Characteristics of Upholstery Materials in Seats

The article deals with selected upholstery flammability test materials that, in the case of fire, can cause fire spread. For the research, frequently used materials for upholstery based on polyester were utilized: imitation leather, suede, and microplush. Initiation of initiating spontaneous flammability with various sources of ignition were measured including a smoldering cigarette and a match flame. Results were measured as smoldering time and length of the burnt-though sample. Upholstery materials are an integral part of seat construction. To be used in transport, upholstered material must meet safety measures such as the strength, sanitariness, and fire resistance. All tests were performed in accordance with applicable technical standards. Impact assessment of the sample (weight) on “smoldering time” and “length of degradation” was carried out using an ANOVA. Significant differences in length of degradation was observed between samples. Tests cannot provide reliable information about the flammability course of the final product. Upholstery is composed of external covering, of inner liner, and padding. Results of the research presented in this paper indicate the need to continue the research in a broader aspect.

PENGEMBANGAN APLIKASI STANDAR PRODUKSI DAN PEMAKAIAN BAHAN PADA PERUSAHAAN KULIT IMITASI BERBASIS WEBSITE

The purpose of this research is to provide ease in reading articles on the standard production and use of imitation leather. Help reduce the level of errors in viewing the standard article production and use of materials by the operator. Operators can more easily enter and change data on the standard production and use of faux leather. It is helping operators who are elderly and have vision problems in seeing and determining production standards and material usage. Bits of help reduce night shift operator errors that lack concentration when looking at the standard production book and the use of faux leather due to drowsiness. This study uses a qualitative approach to data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and literature study. The system development model used in this study is the Waterfall model. The results of this study indicate that the application of production standards and the use of imitation leather material is very easy to use, fast enough in processing or carrying out its functions, very helpful for operators who have problems with their vision, it is quite feasible to replace the previous production standards.