Effect of fatliquor level on the physical quality of Indonesian rabbit fur leather

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fatliquor level on the physical quality of Indonesian rabbit fur leather. A total of 15 sheets of Indonesian local rabbit leather (30 cm long and 26 cm wide) were randomly divided into 5 treatments with 3 replicates. The five treatments were level of fatliquor: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. In this study, the physical quality of rabbit fur leather was measured in tension, elongation, tensile strength, and tear strength. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. Level of fatliquor affects (P<0.05) softness, elongation, tensile strength, and tear strength of rabbit fur leather. The use of fatliquor up to 20% increased the rabbit leather softness and elongation, but there was a decrease at 25%. The use of 10% fatliquor produces the highest tensile strength. The highest tear strength resulted from the use of fatliquor levels of 5% and 15%. It is concluded that using 20% fatliquor on the fatliquoring process of rabbit fur leather tanning produces the best physical quality.

The Willingness to Pay for Improving Drinking water supply in Tamil Nadu: A Case study of tannery water pollution in Vellore District

Tannery pollution and the resulting health impacts are a worldwide problem. Due to the cheap labour availability and tax pollution regulation leather tanning has become a popular export earning industry in countries like India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Given its huge potential for export earnings and local economic livelihood especially for poor households, its adverse health impacts seem to have been ignored. Also thus far there has been no systematic economic valuation study in India. This also attempts to estimate the health cost of this industry to people including those very households that have made leather tanning their livelihood. Therefore the present research study aims to examine economic valuation of human health impact of the pollution from the tannery industry in Vellore district, using the Willingness to Pay method. Vellore district in Tamil Nadu state of India is purposively selected because of its larger number of tanneries.

Developing Waste Management System based on Open-Source ERP

The leather processing industry is one of the industries with a high production level to meet market demand. This leather apparel company located in Garut, West Java, produces leather, both from cow, sheep, and goatskin as its raw material and manufactures leather-based apparel as its finished goods. Besides its primary production, this leather tanning company also produces hazardous wastewater that can pollute the environment due to chemical compounds in the leather tanning process. They do not have an integrated information system that supports their business processes, especially in controlling the waste management process. This research will design a waste management module ERP system that supports sustainable supply chain management. Using ERP will make it easier for companies to determine the amount of waste produced, recycled waste, disposable waste, and whether the wastewater meets the wastewater quality standards.

Teknologi Pengolahan Kandungan Kromium dalam Limbah Penyamakan Kulit Menggunakan Proses Adsorpsi: Review

Permasalahan yang sering terjadi pada industri-industri saat ini adalah pengolahan limbah yang tidak sempurna. Salah satu jenis industri yang memerlukan perhatian serta pengolahannya adalah limbah yang mengandung kromium seperti pada industri penyamakan kulit. Limbah penyamakan kulit masih menyisihkan logam-logam berbahaya dalam limbahnya seperti logam berat kromium (Cr). Kromium yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan olahan kulit yang lebih halus. Sekitar 30-40% kromium akan terbawa dalam limbah cair penyamakan. Tingginya kadar kromium yang tersisa dan terbawa dalam limbah dapat menyebabkan toksisitas akut dan kronis terhadap lingkungan bahkan juga sangat berbahaya terhadap mahluk hidup. Salah satu penanganannya adalah dengan menggunakan metode adsorpsi yang dimana merupakan salah satu metode alternatif dengan berbagai keuntungan yang ada. Biaya penanganan yang relatif murah, proses yang sederhana, dan kemungkinan dapat didaur ulang merupakan beberapa keuntungan dari proses adsorbsi. Selain itu, proses adsorbsi dapat dimaksimalkan dengan menggunakan adsorben yang memiliki spesifikasi potensi tertentu terhadap penyerapan kromium. Artikel ini me-review perbandingan metode adsorbsi batch dan kontinyu pada proses pengolahan kandungan kromium dalam limbah penyamakan kulit.The waste management issue is one of the biggest problems in the industries recently. Every industry has a high probability of releasing toxic by-product to the environment in the form of waste. One example is in the leather tanning industry. Leather tanning waste still removes harmful metals in its waste, such as heavy metal chromium (Cr). Chromium is used to produce finer skin products. About 30-40% chromium will be carried in the tanning liquid waste. The high chromium levels remaining and carried away in the waste can cause acute and chronic toxicity to the environment and even very harmful to living things. Adsorption is one of the highly recommended methods available to overcome this problem. Relatively low handling costs, simple processes, and the possibility of being recycled are some of the adsorption process's advantages. In addition, the adsorption process can be maximized by using adsorbents that have specific potential specifications for chromium absorption. This article reviews batch and continuous adsorption methods in the processing of chromium content in tannery waste.

ANALISIS KOMUNIKASI TENTANG FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KINERJA UKM PENYAMAKAN KULIT DI SUKAREGANG KABUPATEN GARUT

Abstrak Sentra penyamakan kulit yang terletak di Sukaregang Kabupaten Garut didominasi Usaha Kecil dan Menengah (UKM). Dari 282 unit usaha tersebut, hanya 53 unit usaha dengan kategori kinerja yang baik, dengan indikator utama jumlah produksi yang dihasilkan setiap periodenya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja dan faktor yang paling dominan yang mempengaruhi kinerja UKM penyamakan kulit di Sukaregang Kabupaten Garut. Jumlah responden sebanyak 53 orang, dengan jumlah variabel awal adalah 30 variabel. Pengambilan sampel dengan teknik Purposive Sampling. Sedangkan metode analisis data menggunakan Uji Validitas, Uji Reliabilitas, dan Analisis Faktor Ekploratori. Berdasarkan uji kelayakan instrumen penelitian, hasilnya data valid dan reliabel. Berdasakan hasil Analisis Faktor dari 30 variabel awal, sebanyak 26 variabel yang memenuhi untuk proses analisis faktor selanjutnya, kemudian dari 26 variabel yang dianalisis tersebut terbentuk menjadi delapan faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja UKM penyamakan kulit di Sukaregang Kabupaten Garut. Kedelapan Faktor tersebut diberi nama berdasarkan pertimbangan-pertimbangan tertentu, kedelapan faktor tersebut adalah: Faktor Skala Usaha, Faktor Proses Produksi, Faktor Unsur Produksi, Faktor Kinerja Karyawan, Faktor Eksternal, Faktor Entrepreneurship, Faktor Sumber Daya Manusia, Faktor Rantai Pasokan. Sedangkan faktor yang paling dominan yang mempengaruhi kinerja UKM penyamakan kulit di Sukaregang Kabupaten Garut adalah Faktor Unsur Produksi. Secara teoritis, hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi rujukan bagi penelitian berikutnya. Sedangkan secara praktis dapat memberikan informasi dan rekomendasi bagi para pelaku industri penyamakan kulit khususnya yang kinerja usahanya belum begitu bagus agar dapat memperhatikan dan menerapkan faktor-faktor yang dapat meningkatkan kinerja usahanya.Kata-kata kunci: Analisis komunikasi; factor produksi; kinerja usaha; usaha kecil; usaha menengah Abstract The tannery center located in Sukaregang, Garut Regency, is dominated by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Of the 282 business units, only 53 business units have a good performance category, with the main indicator being the number of products produced in each period. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the factors that influence the performance and the most dominant factors that affect the performance of the leather tanning SMEs in Sukaregang, Garut Regency. The number of respondents was 53 people, with the number of first variables, was 30 variables. Sampling with purposive sampling technique. Meanwhile, the data analysis method used a validity test, reliability test, and exploratory factor analysis. Based on the feasibility test of the research instrument, the results are valid and reliable data. Based on the results of the Factor Analysis of the first 30 variables,. 26 variables were fulfilled for the next factor analysis process, then the 26 analyzed variables were formed into eight factors that influenced the performance of the leather tanning SMEs in Sukaregang, Garut Regency. The eight factors are named based on certain considerations, the eight factors are: business Scale Factor, Production Process Factor, Production Element Factors, Employee Performance Factors, External Factors, Entrepreneurship Factors, Human Resources Factors, Supply Chain Factors. While the most dominant factor affecting the performance of the leather tanning SMEs in Sukaregang, Garut Regency is the Production Element Factor. Theoretically, the results of this study are expected to be a reference for further research. While practically it can give information and recommendations for the leather tanneries, especially those whose business performance is not so good, so they can pay attention to and apply factors that can improve their business performance.Keywords: Communication analysis; production factor; business performance; small business; medium-sized businesses

Advanced masking agent for leather tanning from stepwise degradation and oxidation of cellulose

An oligosaccharide-based masking agent suitable for chrome-free metal tanning was produced from cellulose via a stepwise degradation and oxidation process. Firstly, an AlCl3-NaCl-H2O/γ-valerolactone (GVL) biphasic solvent system was established for...

A Review of Natural Plants as Sources of Substances for Cleaner Leather Tanning Technologies

The stringent environmental regulations and compliance regarding leather tanning has compelled leather industry to seek alternative cleaner ingredients that have the capacity to minimize or prevent pollution caused by hazardous chemicals. Practical measures have so far involved replacing the current use of synthetic chemicals such as chromium salts, dyes, fatliquors and surfactants or minimizing their usage by incorporating agro-based organic components. Numerous papers have documented the use of different plant extracts at different stages of leather processing such as tanning, retanning, dyeing and fatliquoring. This present article details the specific plants and the leather processing stage at which they are applied and eventually the quality of the resulting leather. This article attempts to compile a considerable number of investigations published on physical properties of leather that is processed using natural plants. It has been shown that there are striking similarities in leather properties of leather processed using natural plants and using synthetic chemicals. This could help in compiling a database that details works on natural plants, stages of application and the corresponding physical properties which could provide a crucial assistance to research focusing on environmental protection and physical properties of leather which would in turn improve the quality of the resulting leather.