Validation of Signed Language Assessments for Adult L2 Learners

This chapter focuses on the validity of tests of second language (L2) signed language learners. Test validity depends on how test developers take the language as well as the modality into consideration and how the test captures natural variation in local signed languages, which impacts the use of tests and interpretation of results. In this chapter, the argument-based approach to validation is used to evaluate claims that test developers make about the uses of tests. A sample of signed language tests for L2 learners is reviewed and discussed. Caution in the extrapolation and making decisions based on test results are discussed. The chapter ends with suggestions about how to evaluate the validity of future L2 signed language tests.

Evaluación de la calidad de la medición de carbono total en suelo mediante ensayo de intercomparación.

The Mexican regulation NMX-EC-17025-IMNC-2006, establishes that laboratories must have quality control procedures to monitor the validity of tests and calibrations, such monitoring must be planned and reviewed with: a) the regular use of certif ied reference materials or internal quality control of secondary references; b) participation in inter-laboratory comparisons or a prof iciency testing program; c) the repetition of tests or calibrations using the same method or different methods; d) the repetition of the test or the calibration of determined objects; e) the correlation of results for different characteristics of a reference material certif ied by MRC. The quality evaluation of results from the eight laboratories of the Laboratory Network for Analysis, Use, Conservation and Management of Soil (REDLABS) included the elements of sections a), b), c), and d) in order to verify the hypothesis that laboratories emit repeatable, reproducible and unbiased results. In our study, elemental analyzers of different brands were used to measure the total carbon of soil. A certif ied reference material was included in the Inter-comparison Practice. Repeatability and reproducibility of the carbon analyzes were evaluated with samples from the inter-comparison practice; the precision of analyzes from each laboratory was qualif ied with MRC. The results obtained indicate that the laboratories show repeatability in their analyzes with no statistical differences, i.e. reproducibility is detected by inter-comparison. The data issued by the laboratories were unbiased according to their evaluation with certif ied reference material.

Validitas Tes Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Remaja (TKBKR) di Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

This study aims to examine the validity of tests of critical thinking skills in adolescents. Validity tested based on; 1) test content, 2) response process, and 3) internal structure. The constructs of Critical Thinking Skills are 23 questions with the correct answer wrong with the answer answers in the form of reasons supporting the correct wrong answers. The subjects in this study amounted to 304 students from six faculties, namely FPMIPA, FIP, FPOK, FPIPS, FPBS, and FPTK at the Indonesian University of Education. The results of the study showed that of the 36 questions there were only 23 questions that could be maintained because 13 questions that had fallen had poor validity and measurement of adolescent critical thinking skills. Based on the results of the validity test of proof of the contents of the language expert, critical thinking experts, and experts in analytical ability mathematically evaluate that this test is feasible to use and the constructed answer key is in accordance with the questions presented. Based on evidences of the internal structure, it is explained that the KMO value of the results of factor analysis shows the number 0.570 with 2 components formed, namely analysis and evaluation capabilities. Suggestions for further research, TKBK has not been tested in its external validity in depth so that there needs to be evidence based on the relationship to other variables and based on the consequences of the test.

On the Validity of Tests for Asymmetry in Residual-Based Threshold Cointegration Models

This paper investigates the properties of tests for asymmetric long-run adjustment which are often applied in empirical studies on asymmetric price transmissions. We show that substantial size distortions are caused by preconditioning the test on finding sufficient evidence for cointegration in a first step. The extent of oversizing the test for long-run asymmetry depends inversely on the power of the primary cointegration test. Hence, tests for long-run asymmetry become invalid in cases of small sample sizes or slow speed of adjustment. Further, we provide simulation evidence that tests for long-run asymmetry are generally oversized if the threshold parameter is estimated by conditional least squares and show that bootstrap techniques can be used to obtain the correct size.

A busca de evidências de validade no desenvolvimento de instrumentos em Fonoaudiologia: revisão sistemática

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar, na literatura, o uso da Psicometria na área da Fonoaudiologia e os processos utilizados para a busca de evidências de validade dos instrumentos da área. Estratégia de pesquisa: As bases pesquisadas foram MEDLINE (acessado via PubMed), LILACS, Scopus e SciELO. Os descritores foram “Validation studies”, “Validity of tests”, “Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences” e “Valid” (seguido de elemento de truncagem), em português, inglês e espanhol. Critérios de seleção: Foram incluídos os estudos que realizavam algum tipo de validação de testes referentes a áreas da Fonoaudiologia. Resultados: Foram encontrados 296 artigos e destes, apenas 48 foram incluídos. A maioria dos estudos foi publicada por periódicos internacionais, da área da Fonoaudiologia e com amostra de ampla faixa etária. A principal área avaliada pelos instrumentos foi linguagem (20 estudos), seguida por audiologia (13 estudos). O ano de maior publicação foi 2014 e o principal tipo de busca de evidências de validade foi com base na estrutura interna. Conclusão: O uso dos princípios de busca de evidências de validade de instrumentos da área fonoaudiológica ainda é escasso. Porém, observa-se que a maior parte dos estudos foi desenvolvida nos últimos anos, demonstrando tendência atual para atenção à necessidade de aprimoramento dos instrumentos.