Finishing production of spiroid worm shaft by varied centre distance and by appling grinding wheel banking angle correction

The objectives of this publication are to present a production technology which is a finishing production of conical worm using changing of centre distance between the worm and the grinding wheel and banking angle correction at the same time. We will determine the necessary optimum grinding wheel profiles for the manufacturing in light of the production tolerances. We will determine the function connections between the main production parameters.

Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Curvature of the Femoral Canal in 426 Chinese Femurs

Purpose. The human femur has long been considered to have an anatomical anterior curvature in the sagittal plane. We established a new method to evaluate the femoral curvature in three-dimensional (3D) space and reveal its influencing factors in Chinese population. Methods. 3D models of 426 femurs and the medullary canal were constructed using Mimics software. We standardized the positions of all femurs using 3ds Max software. After measuring the anatomical parameters, including the radius of femoral curvature (RFC) and banking angle, of the femurs using the established femur-specific coordinate system, we analyzed and determined the relationships between the anatomical parameters of the femur and the general characteristics of the population. Results. Pearson’s correlation analyses showed that there were positive correlations between the RFC and height (r=0.339, p<0.001) and the femoral length and RFC (r=0.369, p<0.001) and a negative correlation between the femoral length and banking angle (r=-0.223, p<0.001). Stepwise linear regression analyses showed that the most relevant factors for the RFC and banking angle were the femoral length and gender, respectively. Conclusions. This study concluded that the banking angle of the femur was significantly larger in female than in male.

Kinematic and Dynamic Analysis of V-Twin Powertrains: Design Trade-Offs

This paper examines the influence of multiple design parameters on the kinematics and dynamics of a V-twin powertrain. Two models are presented to study the design trade-offs in order to provide an analytical tool that can be used for the top-level design of a V-twin powertrain. Shaking forces and bearing loads are evaluated to quantitatively comprehend the influence of design parameters such as banking angle, crank pin, piston off-set, etc. Furthermore, the influence of parameters associated with the use of conventional Lanchester balance shafts is also investigated as part of the analysis. These parameters include support bearing locations and balancing mass location on the balance shaft. The analysis results are compared to some of the studies on balancing of shaking forces and shaking moments in the literature. While the design trade-offs associated with parameters such as banking angle are well understood in the available literature, the analysis performed in this study shows interesting results for piston off-set and crank pin design, as well as for parameters associated with the balance shaft.