scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Curvature of the Femoral Canal in 426 Chinese Femurs

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu-Yun Su ◽  
Zhe Zhao ◽  
Jing-Xin Zhao ◽  
Li-Cheng Zhang ◽  
An-Hua Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Medullary Canal ◽  
Femoral Length ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Banking Angle ◽  
Anatomical Parameters

Purpose. The human femur has long been considered to have an anatomical anterior curvature in the sagittal plane. We established a new method to evaluate the femoral curvature in three-dimensional (3D) space and reveal its influencing factors in Chinese population. Methods. 3D models of 426 femurs and the medullary canal were constructed using Mimics software. We standardized the positions of all femurs using 3ds Max software. After measuring the anatomical parameters, including the radius of femoral curvature (RFC) and banking angle, of the femurs using the established femur-specific coordinate system, we analyzed and determined the relationships between the anatomical parameters of the femur and the general characteristics of the population. Results. Pearson’s correlation analyses showed that there were positive correlations between the RFC and height (r=0.339, p<0.001) and the femoral length and RFC (r=0.369, p<0.001) and a negative correlation between the femoral length and banking angle (r=-0.223, p<0.001). Stepwise linear regression analyses showed that the most relevant factors for the RFC and banking angle were the femoral length and gender, respectively. Conclusions. This study concluded that the banking angle of the femur was significantly larger in female than in male.

scholarly journals How Can People Express Their Trait Self-Esteem Through Their Faces in 3D Space?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyang Wang ◽  
Xiaoqian Liu ◽  
Yuqian Wang ◽  
Tingshao Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Microsoft Kinect ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Facial Movements ◽  
3D Space ◽  
And Gender

BackgroundTrait self-esteem reflects stable self-evaluation, and it affects social interaction patterns. However, whether and how trait self-esteem can be expressed through behaviors are controversial. Considering that facial expressions can effectively convey information related to personal traits, the present study investigated the three-dimensional (3D) facial movements related to self-esteem level and the sex differences therein.MethodsThe sample comprised 238 participants (46.2% males, 53.8% females). Their levels of trait self-esteem were evaluated by employing the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES) (47.9% low self-esteem, 52.1% high self-esteem). During self-introductions, their facial movements in 3D space were recorded by Microsoft Kinect. Two-way ANOVA was performed to analyze the effect of self-esteem and gender on 3D facial movements. Additionally, Logistic regression models were established to describe the relationship between 3D facial movements and self-esteem levels in both genders.ResultsThe results of two-way ANOVA revealed a main effect of trait self-esteem level for cheeks and lips’ movements. Meanwhile, there was a significant interaction between trait self-esteem and gender on the variability of lips’ movements. In addition, the combination of facial movements can effectively identify trait self-esteem in men and women, with 75.5 and 68% accuracy, respectively.ConclusionThe present results suggest that the 3D facial expressions of individuals with different trait self-esteem levels were different, and such difference is affected by gender. Our study explores a possible way in which trait self-esteem plays a role in social interaction and also provides the basis for automatic self-esteem recognition.

scholarly journals CT Measurement of Proximal Femoral Medullary Cavity Morphology in Healthy Subjects from Northern China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Zhao ◽  
Hong Cai ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Hua Tian
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Medullary Cavity ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Ct Reconstruction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Femoral Length ◽  
Flare Index ◽  
Anatomical Parameters

Abstract Purpose: In total hip arthroplasty (THA), optimal stability and fixation is achieved via tight adaptation of the prosthesis to the bone. This study aimed to analyze the proximal femoral medullary cavity morphology of Chinese subjects on three-dimensional reconstructed imagery to explore the factors influencing these parameters.Methods: CT was performed on 63 healthy subjects from northern China (94 hips; 31 men, 63 women). Three-dimensional CT reconstruction of the proximal femoral medullary cavity was performed using Mimics 22.0 software. The anatomical parameters related to THA were measured to examine the relationships between sex, age, and femoral length. These parameters were compared with previously published data.Results: The internal and external coronal diameters of the femoral medullary cavity, and the anterior and posterior sagittal diameters had different contracting trends. There were correlations between the femoral length, femoral head diameter, and coronal diameter, and between the sagittal diameter and cross-sectional area of the medullary cavity. Age was negatively correlated with the CFI(canal flare index). Sex was correlated with the cross-sectional coronal/sagittal diameters, but not with the canal flare index. The proximal end of the medullary cavity was similar to that reported in Caucasians, but the Asian medullary cavity was narrower distal to the level of the lesser trochanteric line.Conclusions: THA-related anatomy was affected by sex, age, and subpopulation. Compared with sex, age had a greater effect on the fit of the stem to the femoral canal. Each patient must be treated individually, as the anatomical structure varied between individuals.

THREE-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE TIBIOTALAR JOINT OF INTACT MALE FEET UNDER UNLOADED AND AXIAL-LOADED CONDITIONS

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 1450012
Author(s):  
Shuhei Nozaki ◽  
Keigo Taniguchi ◽  
Kota Watanabe ◽  
Masaki Katayose
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Tibiotalar Joint ◽  
Rotational Orientation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose: We investigated the distribution of three-axis rotational directions of the tibiotalar joint in intact feet under axial loading and categorized them according to the combinations of the three-axis rotational directions of the tibiotalar joint as three-dimensional (3D) rotational patterns. Methods: The differences in rotational orientation of the talus relative to the tibia under unloaded and axial-loaded conditions were calculated from the 3D models of the tibiotalar joint that were reconstructed from magnetic resonance (MR) images in 27 intact male feet. Results: In the sagittal plane, the talus rotated into plantarflexion in 63% of the feet and into dorsiflexion in 30%. In the coronal plane, the talus rotated into inversion in 37% of the feet and into eversion in 33%. In the transverse plane, the talus rotated into adduction in 85% of the feet and into abduction in 4%. A total of 10 3D tibiotalar joint rotational patterns were observed under axial loading. There were no significant differences in the frequencies of the 10 tibiotalar joint rotational patterns (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The 3D tibiotalar joint rotational patterns under axial loading were consolidated into 10 directions, which provides insight into the subject-specific kinematics of the tibiotalar joint.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional imaging mass cytometry for highly multiplexed molecular and cellular mapping of tissues and the tumor microenvironment

Nature Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Kuett ◽  
Raúl Catena ◽  
Alaz Özcan ◽  
Alex Plüss ◽  
H. R. Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Mass Cytometry ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Tissue Organization ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Cellular Microenvironments ◽  
And Function

AbstractA holistic understanding of tissue and organ structure and function requires the detection of molecular constituents in their original three-dimensional (3D) context. Imaging mass cytometry (IMC) enables simultaneous detection of up to 40 antigens and transcripts using metal-tagged antibodies but has so far been restricted to two-dimensional imaging. Here we report the development of 3D IMC for multiplexed 3D tissue analysis at single-cell resolution and demonstrate the utility of the technology by analysis of human breast cancer samples. The resulting 3D models reveal cellular and microenvironmental heterogeneity and cell-level tissue organization not detectable in two dimensions. 3D IMC will prove powerful in the study of phenomena occurring in 3D space such as tumor cell invasion and is expected to provide invaluable insights into cellular microenvironments and tissue architecture.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Characteristics of the Femoral Canal Isthmus: An Anatomical Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu-yun Su ◽  
Jing-xin Zhao ◽  
Zhe Zhao ◽  
Li-cheng Zhang ◽  
Chen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Femoral Canal ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Femoral Length ◽  
Intramedullary Canal ◽  
The Mean

Purpose. To establish a new approach for measuring and locating the femoral intramedullary canal isthmus in 3-dimensional (3D) space.Methods. Based on the computed tomography data from 204 Chinese patients, 3D models of the whole femur and the corresponding femoral isthmus tube were reconstructed using Mimics software (Materialise, Haasrode, Belgium). The anatomical parameters of the femur and the isthmus, including the femur length and radius, and the isthmus diameter and height, were measured accordingly.Results. The mean ratio of the isthmus height versus the femoral height was 55 ± 4.8%. The mean diameter of the isthmus was 10.49 ± 1.52 mm. The femoral length, the isthmus diameter, and the isthmus tube length were significantly larger in the male group. Significant correlations were observed between the femoral length and the isthmus diameter (r=0.24,p<0.01) and between the femoral length and the isthmus height (r=0.6,p<0.01). Stepwise linear regression analyses demonstrated that the femoral length and radius were the most important factors influencing the location and dimension of the femoral canal isthmus.Conclusion. The current study developed a new approach for measuring the femoral canal and for optimization of customer-specific femoral implants.

scholarly journals Ct Measurement of Proximal Femoral Medullary Cavity Morphology in Healthy Subjects From Northern China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Zhao ◽  
Hong Cai ◽  
Hua Tian ◽  
Ke Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Medullary Cavity ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Ct Reconstruction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Femoral Length ◽  
Ct Measurement ◽  
Anatomical Parameters

Abstract Background In total hip arthroplasty (THA), optimal stability and fixation is achieved via tight adaptation of the prosthesis to the bone. This study aimed to analyze the proximal femoral medullary cavity morphology of Chinese subjects on three-dimensional reconstructed imagery to explore the factors influencing these parameters. Methods CT was performed on 63 healthy subjects from northern China (94 hips; 31 men, 63 women). Three-dimensional CT reconstruction of the proximal femoral medullary cavity was performed using Mimics 22.0 software. The anatomical parameters related to THA were measured to examine the relationships between sex, age, and femoral length. These parameters were compared with previously published data. Results The internal and external coronal diameters of the femoral medullary cavity, and the anterior and posterior sagittal diameters had different contracting trends. There were correlations between the femoral length, femoral head diameter, and coronal diameter, and between the sagittal diameter and cross-sectional area of the medullary cavity. Age was negatively correlated with the CFI. Sex was correlated with the cross-sectional coronal/sagittal diameters, but not with the canal flare index. The proximal end of the medullary cavity was similar to that reported in Caucasians, but the Asian medullary cavity was narrower distal to the level of the lesser trochanteric line. Conclusion THA-related anatomy was affected by sex, age, and subpopulation. Compared with sex, age had a greater effect on the fit of the stem to the femoral canal. Each patient must be treated individually, as the anatomical structure varied between individuals.

scholarly journals Analysis of Three-Dimensional Circular Tracking Movements Based on Temporo-Spatial Parameters in Polar Coordinates

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woong Choi ◽  
Jongho Lee ◽  
Liang Li
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Polar Coordinates ◽  
Target Velocity ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Tracking Movements

Motor control characteristics of the human visuomotor control system need to be analyzed in the three-dimensional (3D) space to study and imitate human movements. In this paper, we examined circular tracking movements on two planes in 3D space from a motor control perspective based on three temporospatial parameters in polar coordinates. Sixteen healthy human subjects participated in this study and performed circular target tracking movements rotating at 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 Hz in the frontal or sagittal planes in three-dimensional space. The results showed that two temporal parameter errors on each plane were proportional to the change in the target velocity. Furthermore, frontal plane circular tracking errors without depth for a spatial parameter were lower than those for sagittal plane circular tracking with depth. The experimental protocol and data analysis allowed us to analyze the motor control characteristics temporospatially for circular tracking movement with various depths and speeds in the 3D VR space.

scholarly journals Design, Fabrication, and Testing of a Novel 3D 3-Fingered Electrothermal Microgripper with Multiple Degrees of Freedom

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 444
Author(s):  
Guoning Si ◽  
Liangying Sun ◽  
Zhuo Zhang ◽  
Xuping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Polyimide Film ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Multiple Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Electrothermal Actuator ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Pick And Place

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and testing of a novel three-dimensional (3D) three-fingered electrothermal microgripper with multiple degrees of freedom (multi DOFs). Each finger of the microgripper is composed of a V-shaped electrothermal actuator providing one DOF, and a 3D U-shaped electrothermal actuator offering two DOFs in the plane perpendicular to the movement of the V-shaped actuator. As a result, each finger possesses 3D mobilities with three DOFs. Each beam of the actuators is heated externally with the polyimide film. The durability of the polyimide film is tested under different voltages. The static and dynamic properties of the finger are also tested. Experiments show that not only can the microgripper pick and place microobjects, such as micro balls and even highly deformable zebrafish embryos, but can also rotate them in 3D space.

scholarly journals Structured-light 3D scanning of exhibited historical clothing—a first-ever methodical trial and its results

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Montusiewicz ◽  
Marek Miłosz ◽  
Jacek Kęsik ◽  
Kamil Żyła
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Structured Light ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
3D Scanning ◽  
Dimensional Representation ◽  
3D Scanner ◽  
Three Dimensional Representation ◽  
3D Scanners

AbstractHistorical costumes are part of cultural heritage. Unlike architectural monuments, they are very fragile, which exacerbates the problems of their protection and popularisation. A big help in this can be the digitisation of their appearance, preferably using modern techniques of three-dimensional representation (3D). The article presents the results of the search for examples and methodologies of implementing 3D scanning of exhibited historical clothes as well as the attendant problems. From a review of scientific literature it turns out that so far practically no one in the world has made any methodical attempts at scanning historical clothes using structured-light 3D scanners (SLS) and developing an appropriate methodology. The vast majority of methods for creating 3D models of clothes used photogrammetry and 3D modelling software. Therefore, an innovative approach was proposed to the problem of creating 3D models of exhibited historical clothes through their digitalisation by means of a 3D scanner using structural light technology. A proposal for the methodology of this process and concrete examples of its implementation and results are presented. The problems related to the scanning of 3D historical clothes are also described, as well as a proposal how to solve them or minimise their impact. The implementation of the methodology is presented on the example of scanning elements of the Emir of Bukhara's costume (Uzbekistan) from the end of the nineteenth century, consisting of the gown, turban and shoes. Moreover, the way of using 3D models and information technologies to popularise cultural heritage in the space of digital resources is also discussed.

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