A comparative gender study on participation and time utilization in community works in YSR Kadapa district of Andhra Pradesh

The present study attempts to compare the participation and time utility pattern of farmer and farm women in community works. The investigation was conducted in YSR Kadapa district of Andhra Pradesh. Total 120 respondents selected from 10 randomly selected villages, out of 120 respondents 60 respondents were farmers, 60 respondents were farmwomen. Farmer and farm women were interviewed separately with pre structured interview schedule. Majority of farm women were middle aged, illiterates, landless labour, working as agriculture labour, falling under medium income level. Most of farmers were actively participated social rituals (93.3) and allotted more time to organizing village welfare activities (1.66) social awareness programmes and field trips and exhibitions. Farm women actively participated to SHG meetings (1.5). Farm women allotted very less time to field trips and exhibitions (0.3). The study has recommended need to empower and educate the farm women to participate in community management programmes by imparting knowledge.

Unorganised Labour Migration in India with Special Reference to Changing Pattern of Socio-Economic Conditions in Colonial Epoch

Unorganised labours in India are classified in different clusters. Historian, social scientists and economists mainly have followed that the majority portion of the Unorganised working people are migrating permanently or temporarily inter-state, inter-district, within districts during a specific time of the year searching better opportunities. Various Acts for the benefit of workers of the organized sectors has been introduced time to time by the Government but unfortunately large populations of the working community who are belonging to the unorganized sectors have not come to the focus in true sense light of the Acts in the context of socio-economic conditions. Keywords: Informal Sector Migrated Labour, Marginal Labour, Bonded Labour, Social Security Act, Landless Labour, Seasonal Labour.

Dynamics of irrigation management and interlinked agrarian relations: empirical findings from a canal irrigation command in Odisha, India

The literature on the dynamics of irrigation management, in terms of the analysis of interlinked agrarian relations, is very limited. This paper attempts to get a detailed grassroots view of farmers' knowledge of various issues pertaining to the relationship between agrarian structure, land and water. Data from 200 sample cultivators of different farm sizes and 20 landless labour households were collected from eight sample villages situated in head-reach and tail-end distributaries of branch canals in selected Hirakud irrigation commands in Odisha, India. An analysis of the nature of the interlinking of various agrarian markets in the studied distributaries showed that interlinked credit transactions are mostly prevalent among landless labour and small farm households. To some extent, they are higher in head-reach distributaries compared to tail-end distributaries. Research showed that the incidence of tenancy in the head-reach areas is also higher than the tail-end. There is a need for the adequacy, timeliness and reliability of water supply, and for equality in water distribution between head- and tail-reaches.