Agrarian structure of the Rostov region: level of development and governance mechanisms

Purpose. The article is dedicated to the analysis of the level of development of the agrarian structure, the research of problems and constraints of the functioning of various forms of management in order to identify and study the mechanisms of management of the agricultural sector. Methods. In the course of the scientific research, such methods as monographic, econometric, analytical, abstract-logical, as well as the method of monitoring studies were used. Results. Studies have shown that the Russian agricultural industry is represented by various forms of agricultural management: representatives of large and small agribusiness with a constant increase in the degree of dominance of large agribusiness. However, for some regions, due to the specifics of national, cultural and historical characteristics, the dominance of small agribusiness in the production of agricultural products is characteristic. One of these regions is the Rostov region, where the share of farming and households accounts for 55.4 % of the region's agricultural production. This, in turn, allows us to conclude that it is impractical to shift the emphasis of state regulation and support towards one of the forms of agricultural management. Scientific novelty. Some mechanisms and tools for managing the agrarian structure are proposed to provide for the improvement of the institutional environment and the creation of equal conditions for the development of both small and large agribusiness, as well as taking into account the strengths and weaknesses of the development of each form of agricultural management. In order to determine the most effective and efficient tools and mechanisms for managing the agricultural sector of the economy in relation to a specific region, the implementation of which will activate the potential of both the entire industry and individual agricultural structures, it is proposed to analyze the level of development of the agricultural structure of the region.

Land reform in People’s Poland (1944–89)

The article describes the conduct of land reform by the communist regime of People’s Poland. The land reform fitted into the wave of analogous reforms carried out in the other communist countries of Eastern Europe. It was based on the Decree of the Polish Committee of National Liberation (PKWN) of 6th September 1944, which provided for subdividing landowners’ estates exceeding fifty hectares among peasants, such as small farmers, landless people and fornals. The article discusses problems faced by the founders of the reform and institutional measures applied in order to execute the Decree. Despite numerous obstacles, the reform was carried out quite efficiently and its effects were marked (6,070,100 hectares of landowners’ property was subdivided among 1,068,400 farms). However, those results were to a great extent possible due to the application of regime measures towards landowners (expropriation without compensation, arrests, and even capital punishment). Regarded as a crime and an atrocity by the landowners, for peasants the land reform was a blessing, which can be concluded from the recollections of both groups concerned, which are cited in the article. Despite its efficiency, the land reform did not manage to improve the agrarian structure in Poland, for it caused land dispersion and an increase of the number and the landed share of small farms.

Typology of Agrarian Structure on Transmigration Land to Achieve Agrarian Transformation

Land ownership and land mastery are two things that build rural structures in the community. In the peasant community, the Agrarian structure becomes the determinant of other aspects of life, such as agricultural production rate, income level as well as economic and other social factors. The importance of Agrarian structure in the peasant community makes researchers conduct a study aimed at analysing the typology of the Agrarian structure of transmigrant farmers in South Konawe Province of Southeast Sulawesi through a combination of ownership aspects and mastery aspects. This research used qualitative methods by taking one case, namely in the Transmigration Settlement Unit (UPT) Arongo in Southeast Sulawesi Province. The results showed that through the combination of aspects of land ownership and land mastery as a form of Agrarian structure, there are three typologies of Agrarian structure form in the UPT. Arongo, owning and mastering agricultural land, owning but not mastering land and not owning but mastering land. To achieve Agrarian transformation, the ideal typology of Agrarian structures for peasant communities is in the form of Agrarian structures in which people own land while mastering it so that land management is optimal.

Revisiting the Trimodal Agrarian Structure as a Social Differentiation Analysis Framework in Zimbabwe: A Study

The study of social differentiation in the countryside is often dominated by the deployment of classical analytical frameworks. This article quantitatively explores social differentiation at the sub-national level (Chiredzi and Zvimba districts in Zimbabwe), through the use of the trimodal agrarian structure (TMAS) framework. It addresses the question of whether variables outlined in TMAS (land sizes, labor, and credit) stimulate social differentiation patterns across various settlement models, which emerged after Zimbabwe’s land reform program. If so, what groups or clusters emerge and what are the differentials at the local level? Through statistical factor and cluster analysis, this article reveals that the TMAS variables do explain social differentiation even at the sub-national level. Land sizes, access to capital, and ownership of cattle are key factors in explaining this differentiation. Beyond the variables presented by the TMAS, we argue that agroecological zones and crop type are also instrumental in shaping social differentiation. From the evidence presented, it is difficult to visualize inter-cluster mobility because of various reasons, which include state-based tenure.

Predatory Peace

This chapter describes the specific configuration of the political and agrarian structure in Aceh during the civil war and after. It presents two analysis. The first is an analysis of the general land politics in Aceh during and after the war, tracing the Free Aceh Movement's (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka, GAM) development from a rebel movement with a nationalist and popular base to a political party with a rent-seeking practice and an interest in the palm oil economy. The second is an analysis of the institutional mechanisms of dispossession through land-lease allocations. Empirical documentation from two different locations in Aceh illustrates the smallholder plantation land conflicts. By turning space into a frontier under weak claims, new actors were able to seize it through violence, political power, and the paperwork of legalization.

Agrarian structure changes in the village farmsteads on Durmitor

The paper presents findings about agrarian structure changes that have occurred in the village farmsteads on Durmitor highlands considering thesis that this area has experienced complex and strong changes. The most important characteristics of these changes relate with , aging, de-agrarian striving; and reduction of the livestock fund, land surfaces and number of homesteads. The agrarian structure of the Durmitor area, which includes the municipalities of Žabljak, Šavnik and Plužine, is characterized by the dominant participation of individual farms focused on sheep and catlle production.The structure of agricultural land use in the examined region was defined by natural conditions and natural way of production. In the total agricultural area, natural meadows and pastures occupy over 90% of the area, and arable land and orchards occupy a small percentage of the area.The existing land structure determined livestock production as the basic production.

Economic Base Of Cooperation Development In Agrarian Product Market In Kyrgyz Republic

The paper aims to describe the potential in building up the economic base of agricultural cooperation development in the Kyrgyz Republic, to propose an organisational and economic mechanism of cooperative relations in the Kyrgyz Republic, taking into account the complex development of agricultural production, logistics infrastructure and cooperation. Cooperation is viewed as an efficient economic mechanism to integrate small agricultural producers into the commodity distribution systems in the domestic and international agricultural food markets. Building on a review of sources describing the potential of cooperation in the modern environment, analyses of the agrarian structure and assessments of the economic base of cooperation, the paper proposes an organisational structure to navigate through the development of an effective agrarian structure, logistics infrastructure and cooperation in the Kyrgyz Republic.The paper is based on the materials from international development organisations, the National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic and the findings of some researchers. The makings of the paper may be helpful summarising the international practice of development of cooperative relations, enhancement of institutional conditions and public policies of support of cooperation in the Kyrgyz Republic and should be of interest for a wide research audience in the area of agricultural cooperation.