Evaluation of Aqueous Biphasic Electrophoresis System Based on Halide-Free Ionic Liquids for Direct Recovery of Keratinase

Aqueous biphasic electrophoresis system (ABES) incorporates electric fields into the biphasic system to separate the target biomolecules from crude feedstock. Ionic liquid (IL) is regarded as an excellent candidate as the phase-forming components for ABES because of the great electrical conductivity, which can promote the electromigration of biomolecules in ABES, and thereby enhances the separation efficiency of the target biomolecules from crude feedstock. The application of electric fields to the conventional biphasic system expedites the phase settling time of the biphasic system, which eases the subsequent scaling-up steps and reduces the overall processing time of the recovery process. Alkyl sulphate-based IL is a green and economical halide-free surfactant when compared to the other halide-containing IL. The feasibility of halide-free IL-based ABES to recover Kytococcus sedentarius TWHK01 keratinase was studied. Optimum partition coefficient (Ke = 7.53 ± 0.35) and yield (YT = 80.36% ± 0.71) were recorded with IL-ABES comprised of 15.0% (w/w) [EMIM][ESO4], 20.0% (w/w) sodium carbonate and 15% (w/w) crude feedstock. Selectivity (S) of 5.75 ± 0.27 was obtained with the IL-ABES operated at operation time of 5 min with 10 V voltage supplied. Halide-free IL is proven to be a potential phase-forming component of IL-ABES for large-scale recovery of keratinase.

Optimum partition in flight route anomaly detection

Anomaly detection of flight route can be analyzed with the availability of flight data set. Automatic Dependent Surveillance (ADS-B) is the data set used. The parameters used are timestamp, latitude, longitude, and speed. The purpose of the research is to determine the optimum area for anomaly detection through real time approach. The methods used are: a) clustering and cluster validity analysis; and b) False Identification Rate (FIR). The results archieved are four steps, i.e: a) Build segments based on waypoints; b) Partition area based on 3-Dimension features P₁ and P₂; c) grouping; and d) Measurement of cluster validity. The optimum partition is generated by calculating the minimum percentage of FIR. The results achieved are: i) there are five partitions, i.e: (n/2, n/3, n/4, n/5) and ii) optimal partition of each 3D, that is: for P₁ was five partitions and the P₂ feature was four partitions

Terminal Airspace Sector Optimum Partition Based on Particle Swarm Optimization

With the rapid development of air transportation industry, many air traffic controllers are facing overload, which brings potential danger to the flight safety. In order to reduce the workload of air traffic controllers, this paper studies sector optimum partition of terminal airspace. Firstly, airspace topology structure is built to describe the relation of key way points, legs and air routes. Power polygon divides the terminal airspace into several units, the workload of each way point can be calculated. Then the sector optimum partition mathematical model is built. A kind of permutation and combination algorithm is used to recombine the units, the objective function value of each unit is regarded as optimization function, and the optimal solution can be worked out in combination with the Particle Swarm Optimization. At last, an example of Beijing Terminal Airspace sector optimum is given, which shows Particle Swarm Optimization is an effective method to be applied into sector optimum partition based on way points workload.

Terminal Airspace Sector Optimum Partition Based on Way Points

In order to reduce air traffic controller workload, optimized terminal sector partition was studied. The terminal way point capacity evaluation model was built, power polygon divided the terminal area into several units according to the vital way points, each unit workload could be calculated by the European method “RAMS”, and the sector optimum mathematical model was built. One improved ant colony optimization was adopted to solve the model. At last, an example of one terminal airspace sector partition was given. The results show it is an effective method to be applied into sector optimum partition based on way points.