Robust Quantum Search with Uncertain Number of Target States

The quantum search algorithm is one of the milestones of quantum algorithms. Compared with classical algorithms, it shows quadratic speed-up when searching marked states in an unsorted database. However, the success rates of quantum search algorithms are sensitive to the number of marked states. In this paper, we study the relation between the success rate and the number of iterations in a quantum search algorithm of given λ=M/N, where M is the number of marked state and N is the number of items in the dataset. We develop a robust quantum search algorithm based on Grover–Long algorithm with some uncertainty in the number of marked states. The proposed algorithm has the same query complexity ON as the Grover’s algorithm, and shows high tolerance of the uncertainty in the ratio M/N. In particular, for a database with an uncertainty in the ratio M±MN, our algorithm will find the target states with a success rate no less than 96%.

Psychological aspects in children affected by Duchenne de Boulogne muscular dystrophy

Impairment of intelligence in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients was described by Duchenne de Boulogne himself in 1868. Further studies report intelligence disorders with mayor impairment of memory. The aim of the present study was to assess the presence of affective and personality disorders in a group of children affected by DMD. Twenty six male DMD patients, mean age eleven and four months years old, were assessed for their affective and personality disorder. Only eight subjects had a total IQ below average with major difficulties in verbal and visual-spatial memory, comprehension, arithmetic and vocabulary. All the subjects presented some disorders: tendency to marginalization and isolation, self-depreciation, sense of insecurity, hypochondriac thoughts and marked state of anxiety. These disorders are often a dynamic prolongation of a psychological process which starts when the diagnosis is made and continues, in a slow and latent fashion, throughout the evolution of the disease.

STUDIES ON THE pH AND Eh OF NORMAL AND INFLUENZA-INFECTED EGGS

1. pH values of allantoic fluids from non-infected eggs showed a rapid drop from the 12th to the 17th day of embryonic development. A definite age-pH relationship was shown to exist. 2. The allantoic fluid of eggs infected with influenza virus, contrasting with the non-infected eggs, revealed pH values which remained relatively stable about the neutral point at any age between 11 and 17 days. No relationship between pH and age could be established, in the infected series. 3. The Eh value of the fluid from non-infected eggs also exhibited a significant relationship to embryonic age. The majority of the determinations revealed a positive potential. 4. Similar determination on influenza-infected eggs gave results of a predominantly negative potential, indicating a marked state of reduction accompanying virus multiplication. As with the pH determinations, the Eh values of infected eggs were not a function of their age.