Domestic developments of equipment and technologies of steel in-linne degassing in the process of continuous casting

Apart from traditional methods of steel ladle treatment, degassing in the process of continuous casting (in-line degassing) is a perspective one. In the world a line of process flowsheets have been elaborated, but in practice the only one process has been implemented, which was developed by Professor G.A. Sokolov based on theoretical elaborations. The experience of its application in the BOF shop No. 2 of NLMK confirmed the efficiency of degassing in the process of continuous casting and expediency of further work on perfection of the technology and facilities structure for in-line degassing. Accounting the experience gained at AKHK “VNIIMETMASH”, a modified variant of in-line degassing facility was elaborated based on technological specifications of CNIIchermet. It was noted, that thanks to additional bunker-accumulator, fixed at the vacuum chamber, a possibility appeared to change steel ladles without disruption of continuous casting series. It enables to increase the share of degassed steel. At the designing of BOF shop of “Zaporozhstal” steel-works, planned for construction, specialists of AKHK “VNIIMETMASH”, CNIIchermet and YUMZ elaborated a design of two-position facility of increased efficiency for steel in-line degassing. Detailed description of the facility design presented as well as description of its basic units, elaborated at the level in invention. Taking into account that the facility height with the accumulator will make it difficult to place it in the existing shops, a modified in-line degassed elaborated without accumulator, which makes it possible continuous degassing of several heats. Such a degasser can be applied at both continuous casting of steel and casting of large ingots from several heats. The backlog, created by domestic scientists and specialists enables to solve technical problems, arising at elaboration and running of modern facilities of in-line degassing.

Journey Making: Applying PSE Principles to Complex Curriculum Designs

Since the 1950s, Process Systems Engineering (PSE) concepts have traditionally been applied to the process industries, with great effect and with significant benefit. However, the same general approaches and principles in designing complex process designs can be applied to the design of higher education (HE) curricula. Curricula represent intended learning journeys, these being similar to the design of process flowsheets. In this paper, we set out the formal framework and concepts that underlie the challenges in design of curricula. The approaches use generic and fundamental concepts that can be applied by any discipline to curriculum design. We show how integration of discipline-specific concepts, across time and space, can be combined through design choices, to create learning journeys for students. These concepts are captured within a web-based design tool that permits wide choices for designers to build innovative curricula. The importance of visualization of curricula is discussed and illustrated, using a range of tools that permit insight into the nature of the designs. The framework and tool presented in this paper have been widely used across many disciplines, such as science, engineering, nursing, philosophy and pharmacy. As a special issue in memory of Professor Roger W.H. Sargent; we show these new developments in curriculum design are similar to the development of process flowsheets. Professor Sargent was not only an eminent research leader and pioneer, but an influential educator who gave rise to a new area in Chemical Engineering, influencing its many directions for more than 50 years.