Neglect of Cyrillic and its continued survival

Ultimately, this article should not be taken as an appeal against a Latin letter, nor should the author's intention to ban or restrict the use of this letter. The main goal is that the Latin letter in the areas where the Serbian people live cannot be primary, but should be used only as required by the Serbian Constitution, as well as the still applicable Law on the Official Use of Languages and Letters in the Republic of Serbia. Giving up your own letter (Cyrillic) is a sign of the lack of awareness of the need to nurture its own cultural values, preserve national identity and its characteristics. It also points to a lower-value complex and a misconception that moving away from ourselves will bring us closer to others. One should also remember the words of our writer Laze M. Kostić that "with the emergence of Cyrillic, Serbs were culturally created, with its renunciation they would culturally disappear. They would cease to exist as an independent nation, an independent cultural individuality". Neither will the laws of Cyrillic or not sufficiently and desirably, unless we just change our awareness of it. Only in this way can we correct the mistakes of the not-so-distant past (from the second half of the 20th century), and learn the not to give up Cyrillic for any purposes, ideals, possibly future state unions and the aforementioned brotherhood and unity.

Peculiar Use of the Arabic Letters tāʾ и ẓāʾ for Conveying Sounds Denoted by the Latin Letter t in Portuguese Manuscripts in Aljamia Dated Back to the 16th century

Unlike Spanish aljamiado (texts in Spanish in Arabic script), which is represented by a great number of texts, both theological and fictional, Portuguese Aljamia (texts in Portuguese in Arabic script) is represented only by eight documents. All of them belong to the period of Portuguese rule in the city of Safi, Morocco (1508–1542). In the article, we analyze the use of the Arabic letters tāʾ и ẓāʾ for conveying sounds denoted by the Latin letter t in the mentioned documents. D. Lopes included these two Arabic letters in the table of transliteration standards for Aljamia texts when publishing these manuscripts, even though the published texts contain other Arabic letters that D. Lopes transliterates as t. In this function, the letter tāʾ is most commonly used not only in Portuguese documents, but also in Spanish aljamiado. The letter tāʾ in Arabic texts denotes the occlusive obstruent voiceless consonant [t]. For conveying the sounds denoted by the Latin t, the letter ẓāʾ is also used. In Arabic, it denotes the obstruent voiced fricative consonant [ẓ]. In addition to tāʾ и ẓāʾ, D. Lopes transliterates the letter ṭāʾ as t. In Arabic, this letter denotes the occlusive obstruent voiceless consonant [ṭ]. The letters з̣а̄’(ظ) and т̣а̄’(ط) are not typical for Spanish aljamiado. In rare cases, we can find Arabic letters tha:’, ṣād, sīn, or dāl designated by the Latin t. There are a number of words where ṭāʾ and ẓāʾ alternate. In some cases, this alternation can be explained by a mistake made by the author or the copyist, who may have forgotten to put a full stop over the letter ẓāʾ. However, in addition to this alternation, we can find an alternation of ṭāʾ and tāʾ, which cannot be explained by the copyist’s lack of concentration. There are a number of words where all the indicated letters alternate: ṭāʾ, ẓāʾ, and tāʾ. In some examples, the letters tāʾ and ẓāʾ are used to convey the sounds denoted by the Latin letter d.

DINAMIKA TULISAN ARAB

In writing, the Arabic letter is the second letter after the Latin letter which continues to develop and exist today. However, the delay in its development is strongly influenced by the Arab social tradition which prioritizes verbal language and wandering life. In the pre-Islamic era, especially in the 6th century, linguistic activities were dominated by literature rather than written development. After Islam came the people called for writing the revelations, a spirit of writing began and continued to develope.

Remarkable new species of epedanid from Vietnam (Arachnida: Opiliones: Laniatores: Epedanidae)

The genus Euepedanus of the family Epedanidae is recorded from Vietnam for the first time. Euepedanus vietnamicus sp. nov. (males and females) is diagnosed, figured and described. The main characteristics that distinguish this species from other species Euepedanus are quite large body sizes, structure of the distal segment of the chelicerae, armament of palps and on the dorsal surface of body with a pattern resembling the Latin letter X. The only known locality of the new E. vietnamicus sp. nov. in southern Vietnam, is mapped.

The ⊥-Illusion Is Not a T-Illusion

Variants of the capital Latin letter T were prepared with the straight strokes replaced by J-, C-, or S-curves, mimicking handwritten Ts. These were used to test the hypothesis that the overestimation of the length of the T’s undivided line, relative to the length of its divided line may be understood as an adaptation to a corresponding letter schema. The illusion was greater for S-curve Ts than for C- and J-curve Ts, suggesting that approximate bilateral mirror symmetry is more important for the illusion to occur than letterness. Despite the illusion, observers were quite sensitive to the different lengths of the Ts’ curves.

The Ability of Latin Letter Recognition in Early Children in Raudhatul Atfhal Annajamissa'adah Medan Tembung

The background of the problem in this study is the ability to recognize Latin letters in early childhood in Raudhatul Atfhal Annajamissa'adah clay field and the teacher has not used an effective and efficient media in learning to recognize Latin letters. This study aims to process learning activities in the form of activities of teachers, students and parents in the ability to recognize Latin letters in early childhood in Raudhatul Atfhal Annajamissa'adah clay field through the process of learning the introduction of Latin letters in early childhood. The results showed that there were some weaknesses and strengths in learning Latin letters recognition. Because children lack enthusiasm in learning because the media conducted by teachers is less effective. Therefore there must be cooperation between parents of students and teachers so that students also study at home not only studying at Raudhatul Atfhal Annajamissa'adah clay field but at home must also be taught by parents so that the ability to recognize Latin letters can die. Because so far researchers see the lack of cooperation between teachers and parents in working together in educating young children in Raudhatul Atfhal Annajamissa'adah so the level of children's ability to recognize Latin letters is different.