Relationship between the Crystal Structure and Tuberculostatic Activity of Some 2-Amidinothiosemicarbazone Derivatives of Pyridine

Tuberculosis remains one of the most common diseases affecting developing countries due to difficult living conditions, the rapidly increasing resistance of M. tuberculosis strains and the small number of effective anti-tuberculosis drugs. This study concerns the relationship between molecular structure observed in a solid-state by X-ray diffraction and the 15N NMR of a group of pyridine derivatives, from which promising activity against M. tuberculosis was reported earlier. It was found that the compounds exist in two tautomeric forms: neutral and zwitterionic. The latter form forced the molecules to adopt a stable, unique, flat frame due to conjugation and the intramolecular hydrogen bond system. As the compounds exist in a zwitterionic form in the crystal state generally showing higher activity against tuberculosis, it may indicate that this geometry of molecules is the “active” form.

Inner Vision Toward An Architecture Of Organic Humanism

Perception of geometry as inorganic/abstract is changed to natural/human by electron-microscopic discoveries of the geometry of molecules within us, by discoveries in the unconscious mind of archetypal geometry that orients and directs conscious attitudes and creativity. A mathematical model of random process and ordered synthesis for geometries of matter and mind is seen in a Fibonacci-Divine Proportion (F-DP) Matrix of Simultaneous Randomness and Order. Fibonacci summations of cross-sections of random probability in (2 D) Pascal Triangle and of successive slices through (3 D Pascal) Probability Pyramid (Tyng and Yanchenko) accumulate toward precise Divine Proportion connection between summations, offering possible ordered recombinations of dot patterns/information bits in morphology/creativity. Fibonacci dot patterns expanded into Fibonacci circle-packings within circles and sphere-packings within spheres produce regular polygons and regular polyhedra. The Divine Proportion extends regular Higher Solids to helix and spiral toward greater complexity and randomness, offering new possibilities for order and synethesis. Fibonacci fitting of circled rather than squared sides of right-angled triangles within next larger Fibonacci circle, and Fibonacci right-angled triangulation of sphere-packings within spheres, expands the Pythagorean Theorem to overlapping summation sequence toward Divine Proportion precision. A natural cycle of the F-DP matrix occurs in Deoxyhemoglobin molecule in relative distances between the four hemes that order its 10,000 atom complexity within simplicity. Cycles of underlying geometric order toward entropy to order correlate with changing form empathies in history and in individual human creative process. Examples in current architectural cycle show a shift from perception of geometry as inorganic to geometry expressing “growth”, human scales and orientations to geometry with a “life of its own” toward resonant life-enhancing architecture of Organic Humanism.