Comprehensive assessment of a flora and a productivity of green planting in the city of Abakan

The article provides information about the level of species diversity, biological and ecological composition, the dynamic of the vegetation productivity of a green planting in the city of Abakan (the steppe zone). The inventory of the flora revealed 288 species of higher vascular plants from 59 families and 183 genera. The basis of flora is the angiosperms, including 57 families (96.6 %), 179 genera (97.8 %), 282 species (97.9 %). The leading positions belong to the families Asteraceae (11.8 %), Poaceae and Rosaceae (10.8 %), Fabaceae (7.3 %). The most important genera in the flora were boreal ones − Carex, Artemisia (2.8 %), Potentilla (1.7 %). The ecological analysis showed the predominance of mesophytes (45.5 %). Perennial plants with clustered fleshy roots and short- rhizomatous ones (21.5 %) were a main biomorph. The analysis of the primary production of urban vegetation according to Terra MODIS data from 2000 to 2018 was carried out. The highest seasonal growth rates observed in 2001 and 2007, and the lowest ones were in 2004 and 2008. The average annual growth rates were 115±9 % for May, 107±5 % for June, 107±5 % for July, 119±14 % for July, and 120±11 % for August. The positive trend in the productivity of urban vegetation was established using the series criteria.

The structure and petrogenesis of the Trallval and Ruinsival areas of the Rhum ultrabasic complex

ABSTRACTDetailed mapping of the Trallval-Ruinsival area of the ultrabasic complex of Rhum has revealed the relationship between the intrusive peridotites, which form a major part of the complex, and the layered ultrabasic rocks. The layered rocks on Trallval are correlated with Units 8 to 15 of the Eastern Layered Series as seen on Hallival and Askival, and part of an additional unit, Unit 16, has also been identified. The layered rocks of Ruinsival and the western part of Trallval form part of the Central Series and have been subdivided into six cyclic units. They are associated with four sets of intrusive breccia zones which converge towards a central region. Four cylindrical plugs of intrusive peridotite occur within the area of outcrop of the Central Series. Criteria are listed for the distinction of intrusive peridotite from conformable peridotites formed in situ. Distinctive textures and structures are described; these include vertical feldspathic streamers, which are interpreted as direct evidence for the upward expulsion of interstitial fluid, and loading structures at the contact between a peridotite layer and underlying allivalite are ascribed to the intrusion of a peridotite sill. A comparison of the Eastern Layered Series and the Central Series suggests that three stages were involved in the formation of the ultrabasic rocks: (i) the accretion of rhythmically layered unconsolidated olivine cumulates; (ii) the upward expulsion of intercumulus liquid; and (iii) the formation of either allivalite (as in the Eastern Layered Series) or ultrabasic breccia zones (as in the Central Series) from the expelled intercumulus liquid, depending on whether the tectonic environment was quiescent or extensional.

Statistical spatial series modelling II: Some further results on unilateral lattice processes

An asymptotic theory of estimation is developed for classes of spatial series F(x1, · ··, xn), where (x1, · ··, xn) varies over a regular cartesian lattice. Two classes of unilateral models are studied, namely half-space models and causal (quadrant-type) models. It is shown that a number of asymptotic results are common for these models. Of special interest for practical applications is the problem of determining how many parameters should be included to describe the degree of dependence in each direction. Here we are able to obtain weakly consistent generalizations of familiar time-series criteria under the assumption that the generating variables of the model are independently and identically distributed. For causal models we introduce the concepts of spatial innovation process and lattice martingale and use these to extend some of the asymptotic theory to the case where a certain type of dependence is permitted in the generating variables.

Statistical spatial series modelling II: Some further results on unilateral lattice processes

An asymptotic theory of estimation is developed for classes of spatial series F(x 1, · ··, xn ), where (x 1, · ··, xn ) varies over a regular cartesian lattice. Two classes of unilateral models are studied, namely half-space models and causal (quadrant-type) models. It is shown that a number of asymptotic results are common for these models. Of special interest for practical applications is the problem of determining how many parameters should be included to describe the degree of dependence in each direction. Here we are able to obtain weakly consistent generalizations of familiar time-series criteria under the assumption that the generating variables of the model are independently and identically distributed. For causal models we introduce the concepts of spatial innovation process and lattice martingale and use these to extend some of the asymptotic theory to the case where a certain type of dependence is permitted in the generating variables.