Variations in the Composition, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Cystoseira compressa during Seasonal Growth

The underexplored biodiversity of seaweeds has recently drawn great attention from researchers to find the bioactive compounds that might contribute to the growth of the blue economy. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of seasonal growth (from May to September) on the in vitro antioxidant (FRAP, DPPH, and ORAC) and antimicrobial effects (MIC and MBC) of Cystoseira compressa collected in the Central Adriatic Sea. Algal compounds were analyzed by UPLC-PDA-ESI-QTOF, and TPC and TTC were determined. Fatty acids, among which oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, and palmitic acid were the dominant compounds in samples. The highest TPC, TTC and FRAP were obtained for June extract, 83.4 ± 4.0 mg GAE/g, 8.8 ± 0.8 mg CE/g and 2.7 ± 0.1 mM TE, respectively. The highest ORAC value of 72.1 ± 1.2 µM TE was obtained for the August samples, and all samples showed extremely high free radical scavenging activity and DPPH inhibition (>80%). The MIC and MBC results showed the best antibacterial activity for the June, July and August samples, when sea temperature was the highest, against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella enteritidis. The results show C. compressa as a potential species for the industrial production of nutraceuticals or functional food ingredients.

Understanding the shoot sink.

To more fully understand how all the major organs of a tree interact in the semi-autonomous scheme of assimilate distribution and tree functioning, it is important to understand their development and growth behavior. This chapter presents a general description of the development and growth characteristics of the major organs (shoot and leaf) of fruit trees, including shoot structure, morphology and orientation; diurnal patterns of shoot growth; seasonal growth patterns of shoot growth and dormancy; as well as tree aging.

Рeculiarities of Оrontium aquaticum l. introduction in «Sofiivka» National dendrological park of the NAS of Ukraine

As a result of the study it was determined that Orontium aquaticum L. under the conditions of the Right- Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine undergoes a full cycle of seasonal growth and development. The morphometric parameters of plants growing in well-lit areas practically do not differ from a natural ones. O. aquaticum reproduces both by seeds and vegetatively. Ten-year-old plants, up to 45 cm high, form about 85 green fruits from the pericarp with a diameter of 0.6 to 1.8 cm and a weight of 0.4 to 2.8 g. The seed productivity is 39.7%. According to the assessment, O. aquaticum belongs to promising and highly decorative species.

Growth pattern, mortality and reproductive biology of common sole, Solea solea (Linneaus, 1758), in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey

The study deals with the growth pattern, mortality, and reproduction of common sole, Solea solea (Linneaus, 1758), from the Sea of Marmara (Turkey). A total of 580 fish specimens were sampled monthly from October 2017 to September 2018. The total length of all sampled individuals ranged from 11.1 to 29.5 cm, corresponding to ages from 1 to 3 years. The length–weight relationship was expressed as W = 0.022 TL2.6838, where the slope indicated negative allometric growth. Growth parameters were L ∞ = 33.7 cm, k = 0.48, and t 0 = −0.18 for all samples. A seasonally oscillating growth model, indicating the amplitude of oscillations, revealed an important seasonal growth pattern. Total, natural, and fishing mortality rates were calculated as 1.42, 0.47, and 1.01, respectively. The exploitation ratio (E = 0.68) indicates that the fishing pressure on the common sole in the Sea of Marmara was high. The sex ratio (♀/♂) was 1.18. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) for females showed that two main spawning seasons were observed: one in spring (May) and one in autumn (September–October). Sizes at the onset of sexual maturity were estimated for both females and males at 21.6 and 18.6 cm, respectively.

Retrospective analysis of marine growth and relationships to return rates of Penobscot River Atlantic salmon

Beginning in the 1980s, return rates of Atlantic salmon to the Penobscot River, Maine U.S.A. declined and have persisted at low levels. This downturn coincided with similar declines in North American and European Atlantic salmon stocks and with changes in the Northwest Atlantic ecosystem. Previous studies investigated whether early marine growth explained the declines, but results varied, with decreased growth associated with declines in European stocks but not North American stocks. In this study, we evaluate whether growth over the entire marine stage is related to Atlantic salmon marine survival. We constructed a growth time series from scales of returned Penobscot River Atlantic salmon spanning periods of varying marine survival. We used ANOVA and post-hoc tests to quantify seasonal growth increment differences and principal component analysis to characterize variability among the suite of growth increments. We observed reduced growth during the second winter and second marine year starting in the 1990s, with compensatory seasonal growth relationships. These results indicate that diminished growth during late marine stages is associated with low return rates in this population.