Moment-based approximations for the Wright-Fisher model of population dynamics under natural selection at two linked loci

Properly modelling genetic recombination and local linkage has been shown to bring a significant improvement to the inference of natural selection from time series genetic data under a Wright-Fisher model. Existing approaches that can take genetic recombination effect and local linkage information into account are built upon either the diffusion approximation or the moment-based approximation of the Wright-Fisher model. However, such approximations are either limited to the increased computational cost like the diffusion approximation or suffer from the distribution support issue like the normal approximation, which can seriously affect computational efficiency and accuracy. In this work, we propose two novel moment-based approximations for the Wright-Fisher model of population dynamics subject to natural selection at a pair of linked loci. Our key innovation is that we extend existing approaches to calculate the mean and (co)variance of the two-locus Wright-Fisher model with selection and suggest a logistic normal distribution or a hierarchical beta distribution as a parametric continuous probability distribution to approximate the Wright-Fisher model by matching its first two moments to those of the Wright-Fisher model. Compared with the diffusion approximation, our approximations enable the computation of the transition probability distribution of the Wright-Fisher model at a far smaller computational cost and also allow us to avoid the distribution support issue found in the normal approximation.

Evaluasi pelatihan peningkatan kompetensi TIK Pustekkom untuk guru di Papua dan Papua Barat

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk evaluasi pelatihan berdasarkan dari komponen e-learning yaitu resource support issue dan evaluation issue dari pelatihan peningkatan kompetensi TIK yang diadakan oleh PUSTEKKOM. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian evaluasi dengan menggunakan model evaluasi sumatif dan hal yang dievaluasi mengacu dengan komponen e-learning yang dikemukakan oleh Badrul Khan. evaluasi ini dilakukan atas dasar menelaah laporan pelaksanaan pelatihan yang mana didapati berbagai macam masalah ketika pelaksanaan pelatihan. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menyebar kuesioner, wawancara dan observasi non partisipan. Hasil dari pelatihan ini menunjukkan bahwa hampir semua peserta merasa layanan yang diberikan oleh pustekkom sudah baik, dan sistem evaluasi yang dilakukan sudah cukup baik. Kata kunci : Evaluasi, Evaluasi pelatihan, e-learning, Badrul Khan, Evaluasi peningkatan kompetensi TIK PUSTEKKOM

Automating the Refactoring Process

To decrease software maintenance cost, software development companies use static source code analysis techniques. Static analysis tools are capable of finding potential bugs, anti-patterns, coding rule violations, and they can also enforce coding style standards. Although there are several available static analyzers to choose from, they only support issue detection. The elimination of the issues is still performed manually by developers. Here, we propose a process that supports the automatic elimination of coding issues in Java. We introduce a tool that uses a third-party static analyzer as input and enables developers to automatically fix the detected issues for them. Our tool uses a special technique, called reverse AST-search, to locate source code elements in a syntax tree, just based on location information. Our tool was evaluated and tested in a two-year project with six software development companies where thousands of code smells were identified and fixed in five systems that have altogether over five million lines of code.

THE AUTOMATED DESIGNING OF PRODUCTION STAGES OF THE LIFE CYCLE OF SOPHISTICATED TECHNICAL SYSTEMS WITH USING FUNCTIONAL-COST ANALYSIS METHOD

In the article some aspects of using functional-cost analysis into automated designing of production stages of the life cycle of sophisticated technical systems have been treated; an application of modern instrumental systems directed to increase quality of automated designing and support issue of sophisticated technical systems with performance and functional objectives has been shown; a method of creating space design (project area) of the product system has been proposed.