Spatio-Temporal Clustering of Sarawak Malaysia Total Protected Area Visitors

Based on data of visitors to national parks, nature reserves and wildlife sanctuaries in Sarawak, this study’s objective is to use the spatial and temporal analysis to describe the underlying trend and temporal pattern of local and foreign visitors and ultimately infer the temporal distribution of visitors to 18 different TPAs. The second aim of the study is to cluster the visitors according to the location of TPAs using Wards hierarchical clustering method. By comparing average monthly visitors’ count, we observed that the average number of monthly visitors significantly reflects the distribution concentration of visitors based on the spatial map. Findings indicate that the monthly distributions of local and foreign visitors differ according to different TPAs. The spatial and temporal analysis found that local visitors’ arrival is high at the end of the year while foreign visitors showed significant arrival during the months of July, August and September. The Wards minimum variance method was able to cluster TPAs local and foreign visitors into very high, high, medium and low visitor area. This study provides additional information that could contribute to identifying the periods of highest visitor pressure, design measures to manage the concentration of visitors and improve the overall visitors’ experience. The findings of the study are also important to respective local authorities in providing information for planning and monitoring tourism in TPAs. Consecutively, this will ensure sustainability of TPAs resources while protecting their biodiversity.

Heleomyzidae (Diptera) in the caves of Poland. Historical overview and new data

The research on invertebrates in caves of Poland dates back to the early 20th century (Kocot-Zalewska and Domagała 2020), but there was never a focus on heleomyzid flies (Diptera: Heleomyzidae). The main purpose of this presentation is to compare historical and new data on heleomyzid flies from the Polish caves with remarks on ecological aspects. The first piece of information about heleomyzid flies was given from the caves and mines in the Sudety Mts (Arndt 1921, Arndt 1923). Among four species of the Heleomyzidae family described from this area, one is noteworthy, it’s Oecothea praecox (Loew, 1862) – species considered to be a troglobite (Košel and Woźnica 2019). Unfortunately, there is no specimen in the museum collection as well as no specimen was caught in Polish caves after the Second World War, hence its presence in Polish fauna is questionable (Košel and Woźnica 2019). More information about heleomyzid flies from this area provided Pax and Maschke (1935) and Haduk and Ogorzałek (1970). The next piece on information was given from Tatra Mts (Kowalski 1955, Sobiepanek 1985) and Kraków - Częstochowa Upland (Skalski 1973, Skalski 1981, Papp and Woźnica 1993, Woźnica 2004, Woźnica 2006, Woźnica and Klasa 2009). So far, in the caves of Poland, altogether 17 species were collected, nowadays the list includes 23 species. The new research was conducted on Częstochowa Upland in the years 2014-2017. The six caves were investigated every month. The material of heleomyzid flies is part of the collection from the implementation of the larger project. A total of 179 specimens were collected. Among 16 identified species, 9 were considered as eutroglophiles, 5 species as subtroglophiles and two as trogloxenes. A comparative analysis based on the applied similarities, using on Ward's minimum variance method, in the Heleomyzid fauna of caves from the mountain and other areas showed significant similarities in the species composition in the Tatra and the Sudety mountains and an important difference between the caves in the mountains and Kraków-Częstochowa Upland.

SDS-Page characterization of some elite cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) varieties

The shortcomings of genotype x environment interaction necessitated the use of molecular methods in characterizing many plant species and in determining their phylogenetic relationships. In this study, some selected cowpea lines (27 varieties) from Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile – Ife, the Institute of Agricultural Research (IAR), Samaru, Kaduna and Genetic Resource Centre, IITA, Ibadan were characterized using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) profiling. The protein banding profiles of the 27 cowpea varieties were scored and subjected to cluster analysis using Ward's minimum-variance method (WMVM) for dendrogram grouping. The dendrogram generated from the SDS-PAGE profiles grouped the varieties into seven clusters at 52% similarity coefficient. Hence, the biochemical characterization revealed more precise discrimination among the 27 cowpea varieties studied. Keywords: Cowpea, electrophoretic banding profiles, dendrogram grouping, total proteins

Segmenting Hotel Guests: The Case of Five Star Hotels in Langkawi

Segmentation is a very important element in the overall process of target marketing for tourism products as it assists in obtaining information on the segments of tourist that exist in the population served. Knowing the segments is imperative to help decide the type and amount of resources that should be allocated to target the desired segments. This study segmented five star hotel guests in Langkawi using sociodemography and psychography as segmentation bases. Applying Ward's Minimum Variance Method as the clustering technique, the findings of this research indicated that there are three categories of tourists that the participating hotels need to consider when designing their marketing strategies. The three clusters were the Fun and Excitement Holiday Seeker, the Active Weekend Holiday Seeker, and the Quiet and Meaningful Elitist Holiday Seeker: The characteristics of each cluster were described and a comparison of sociodemographic characteristics across clusters was made. Suggestions on how to best target each identified cluster were also provided.

DESENVOLVIMENTO E AJUSTE DE EQUAÇÕES EMPÍRICAS PARA ESTIMATIVA DA EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIA NO ESTADO DE PERNAMBUCO

DESENVOLVIMENTO E AJUSTE DE EQUAÇÕES EMPÍRICAS PARA ESTIMATIVA DA EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIA NO ESTADO DE PERNAMBUCO KLEBER GOMES DE MACÊDO1; FRANCISCO DIRCEU DUARTE ARRAES2; JOAQUIM BRANCO OLIVEIRA3; WESLEY LÍVIO VIANA TORRES1 E YURE DE SOUSA COURAS4 1Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola/UFC, Mestrando em Engenharia Agrícola, Fortaleza-CE, Fone: (88)99475-0959, CEP: 60450-060, E-mail: [email protected];2Instituto Federal do Sertão Pernambucano, Salgueiro-PE, Professor, CEP: 63505-170, E-mail: [email protected];3Instituto Federal do Ceará, Iguatu-CE, Professor, CEP: 63500-000, E-mail: [email protected];4Instituto Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Mestre em Tecnologia e Gestão Ambiental, CEP: 63508-030, Iguatu, E-mail: [email protected]. 1 RESUMO Por ser a irrigação uma das áreas de maior demanda hídrica, a estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência além de auxiliar no manejo adequado de irrigação, contribui para economia de água, bem cada vez mais escasso no planeta. Foi avaliada a eficiência de equações simplificadas de estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência para o estado de Pernambuco, sendo utilizados dados de oito estações meteorológicas convencionais do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia dos municípios: Arcoverde, Cabrobó, Garanhuns, Ouricuri, Petrolina, Recife, Surubim e Triunfo. Foram comparados os modelos Penman-Monteith Limitado, Hargreaves-Samani e elaboradas equações empíricas. Para obtenção de equações empíricas com maior área de abrangência foi feita uma análise de agrupamento para definição de regiões climáticas homogêneas, utilizado o método da variância mínima de Ward. Utilizando as regiões Litoral, Agreste e Sertão também foi calibrada a equação de Hargreaves-Samani. Nas regiões Sertão e Litoral o melhor desempenho foi da equação empírica, com valores de RQEM que variaram de 0,143 a 0,256 mm dia-1 e Id que variou de 0,949 a 0,981. Para a região Agreste o modelo Hargreaves-Samani calibrado mostrou a melhor estimativa com RQEM de 0,253 mm dia-1 e Id de 0,982. Com exceção da região Agreste, recomenda-se o uso das equações empíricas obtidas. Palavras Chaves: Hargreaves-Samani, Penman-Monteith, Semiárido. MACÊDO, K. G.; ARRAES, F. D. D.; OLIVEIRA, J. B.; TORRES, W. L. V.; COURAS, Y. S.DEVELOPMENT AND ADJUSTMENT OF EMPIRICAL EQUATIONS FOR ESTIMATE OF REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN PERNAMBUCO STATE 2 ABSTRACT Because irrigation is one of the areas with the highest water demand, the estimation of reference evapotranspiration, besides helping to manage irrigation, contributes to save water, increasingly scarce on the planet. The efficiency of simplified estimation equations of reference evapotranspiration for the state of Pernambuco was evaluated, using data from eight conventional meteorological stations of the National Meteorological Institute of Arcoverde, Cabrobó, Garanhuns, Ouricuri, Petrolina, Recife, Surubim and Triunfo municipalities. Penman-Monteith Limited and Hargreaves-Samani models were compared and empirical equations were developed. In order to obtain empirical equations with greater area of coverage, a grouping analysis was done to define homogeneous climatic regions, using Ward's minimum variance method. The Hargreaves-Samani equation was also calibrated in Litoral, Agreste and Sertão regions. In Sertão and Litoral regions the best performance was the empirical equation, with RQEM values ranging from 0.143 to 0.256 mm day-1 and Id ranging from 0.949 to 0.981. For Agreste region the calibrated Hargreaves-Samani model showed the best estimate with RQEM of 0.253 mm day-1 and Id of 0.982. Except for Agreste region, it is recommended to use the empirical equations obtained. Keywords: Hargreaves-Samani, Penman-Monteith, Semiarid.