Relaxed and connected: Insights into the emotional–motivational constituents of musical pleasure

Music is a source of daily pleasure, and positive emotional experiences and rewarding functions of music have been actively studied. Yet, knowledge about the interrelatedness of emotional and motivational constituents of musical pleasure is sparse. This study explored the characteristic emotional contents of music-induced pleasure, their relation to motivations for music and whether the underlying dimensionality of these aspects was specific to music (in comparison to the visual domain). Data were collected through an online questionnaire ( N = 464), measuring evoked emotions and motivational pleasure types that the respondents related to a musical piece or a visual object inducing pleasure in their daily life. Exploratory factor analyses indicated six-factor models for evoked emotions and three-factor models for pleasure types and regression analyses about their interrelatedness suggested an underlying two-dimensional conceptualization: On one hand, musical pleasure stems from music-induced sensations of relaxation, power, and passion. On the other hand, musical pleasure centers on the feeling of kinship relating to social values and mental contemplation. Minor domain-specificity of this constitution of pleasure in comparison to the visual domain was observed. Overall, the study provides novel perspectives for understanding the complex emotional–motivational features directing individuals’ daily engagement with music listening.

Crystal structure of (2E)-3-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-1-(thiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one

The equimolar reaction between 4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde and 2-acetylthiophene in basic ethanolic solution yields the title compound, C15H15NOS, whose molecular structure matches the asymmetric unit. The molecule is not planar, the dihedral angle between the aromatic and the thiophene rings being 11.4 (2)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by C—H...O and weak C—H...S interactions along [100], formingR22(8) rings, and by weak C—H...O interactions along [010], forming chains with aC(6) graph-set motif. In addition, molecules are connected into centrosymmetric dimers by weak C—H...π interactions, as indicated by the Hirshfeld surface analysis. The most important contributions for the crystal structure are the H...H (46.50%) and H...C (23.40%) interactions. The crystal packing resembles a herringbone arrangement when viewed along [100]. A molecular docking calculation of the title compound with the neuraminidase enzyme was carried out. The enzyme shows (ASN263)N—H...O, (PRO245)C—H...Cg(thiophene ring) and (AGR287)C—H...N intermolecular interactions with the title compound. The crystal structure was refined as a two-component twin with a fractional contribution to the minor domain of 0.0181 (8).

3-[2-(9H-Carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]-4-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione dimethyl sulfoxide monosolvate

In the title compound, C22H18N4S·C2H6OS, the central triazolethione ring is inclined to the carbazole ring system by 13.97 (18)° and to the phenyl ring by 66.4 (1)°. The lattice solvent, dimethyl sulfoxide, is strongly hydrogen bonded to the triazolethione ring. In the crystal, the main molecules form columns parallel to theaaxis, with the solvent molecules located between the columns. C—H...S hydrogen bonds and C—H...π(ring) interactions link adjacent columns. The crystal studied was refined as a two-component twin, with a fractional contribution to the minor domain of 0.0742 (14).

Crystal structure of 1,3-bis(3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)-1,3-diazinan-5-ol monohydrate

In the title hydrate, C28H42N2O3·H2O, the central 1,3-diazinan-5-ol ring adopts a chair conformation with the two benzyl substituents equatorial and the lone pairs of the N atoms axial. The dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 19.68 (38)°. There are two intramolecular O—H...N hydrogen bonds, each generating anS(6) ring motif. In the crystal, classical O—H...O hydrogen bonds connect the 1,3-diazinane and water molecules into columns extending along thebaxis. The crystal structure was refined as a two-component twin with a fractional contribution to the minor domain of 0.0922 (18).

N-[2,4-Dioxo-3-azatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]trideca-1(13),5,7,9,11-pentaen-3-yl]thiourea

In the two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C13H9N3O2S, the azatricyclotridecapentaene ring system is approximately planar with r.m.s. deviations of 0.022 and 0.033 Å. The urea unit connected to the fused rings is approximately perpendicular [dihedral angles = 82.4 (1) and 82.7 (1)°]. In the crystal, the molecules associate by N—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming a chain running along the a axis. The crystal studied was a non-merohedral twin with a fractional contribution of 49.6 (1)% for the minor domain.

A triclinic polymorph of poly[[bis[μ-1,2-bis(pyridin-4-yl)ethene-κ2 N:N′]bis(thiocyanato-κN)cobalt(II)] 1,2-bis(pyridin-4-yl)ethene monosolvate]

In the crystal structure of the title compound, [Co(NCS)2(C12H10N2)2]·C12H10N2, the CoII cations are octahedrally coordinated by two terminally N-bonded thiocyanate anions and four 1,2-bis(pyridin-4-yl)ethene (bpe) ligands. The asymmetric unit consists of three crystallographically independent CoII cations, six thiocyanate anions and six coordinating bpe ligands in general positions. Additionally, three non-coordinating bpe ligands are present in the asymmetric unit with two of them located on a center of inversion. The CoII cations are connected by the bpe ligands into layers parallel to the bc plane. The crystal investigated was non-merohedrically twinned, with a fractional contribution of 0.261 (2) for the minor domain.