POLYPLOIDY OF NORTH EAST ASIA AQUATIC AND SEMIAQUATIC VASCULAR PLANTS

The chromosome numbers of aquatic and semiaquatic vascular plants growing in extreme North-East Asia, east of the Lena River, were analyzed. We have reviewed the information about the karyological peculiarity of the aquatic flora based on published data, including our own definitions. The karyological data are considered depending on the taxonomic position, distribution and ecological characteristics of the species. The chromosome numbers are known for 119 out of 123 species. There is no data on Zannichellia komarovii, Eleocharis termale, Stuckenia subretusa and Potamogeton sibiricus. In the aquatic flora of North-East Asia, the proportion of polyploids is higher (79%) than that reported for the entire Beringian flora (69%). We analyzed species for the presence of polyploidy depending on the type of area. Analysis by latitudinal groups revealed that all Arctic and hypoarctic species of aquatic plants are polyploids. The minimum proportion of polyploids is observed among arctoboreal species. Analysis by longitudinal groups revealed that the lowest proportion of polyploids was noted among species found only in Eurasia and absent in North America (61%), and it was the highest among pluriregional species (96%). The species of the families Cyperaceae, Lemnaceae, Ranunculaceae and Poaceae are characterized by a high level of variability in the number of chromosomes. The greatest variety of chromosome numbers is observed in the polymorphic species Caltha palustris s. l., Agrostis stolonifera, Dupontia fisheri s. l., Phragmites australis, in all species of the genus Eleocharis, and in Nymphaea tetragona, Acorus calamus, Calla palustris. The isolated cases of a high level of ploidy were found in the extreme northeast, at the northern borders of ranges, in 3 species - Hippuris vulgaris, Arctophila fulva and Beckmannia syzigachne. Only diploids are known in the families Equisetaceae, Typhaceae, Zosteraceae from the flora of North East Asia. We revealed the existence of several chromosomal races in Ranunculus gmelinii and Caltha palustris (Ranunculaceae) in the Magadan region; the distribution of chromosomal races is partly related to geographic location and partly to plant habitats. Rare karyotypes in these species are observed in aquatic forms with mainly vegetative reproduction, growing in non-freezing watercourses.

Forest Typology and Settlement Characteristics of the Emerald Network “The Lower Part of the Uda River Valley” in the Kharkiv Region

The importance and significance of the conservation of the Emerald Object “The lower part of the Uda River Valley” (UA0000295) in botanical and general ecological aspects is discussed in detail. It is located on the outskirts of Kharkiv with an area of 13,381.0 ha. The studied area combines floodplains of regions occupied by meadows, shrub fragments and forest vegetation, and pine forests with artificial pine plantations. Areas of the loess plateau with arable land and deciduous forests, as well. List of the leading plant species, area's, main ecological and biotic features of identified habitats under Resolution 4 of the Berne Convention, in particular, C1.222, C1.32, C1.33, C3.34, D5.2, E1.2, E2.2, E3.4, F9.1, F3.247, G1.11, G1.21, G1.41, G1.8, G3.4232, G1.A4, G1.A1 for the Emerald Object are presented. The largest areas are occupied by biotops of lowland bogs with sedge and reed thickets without stagnant water (D5.2). There are plain hay fields (E2.2) and wet and moist meadows with a predominance of grasslands (E3.4) and deciduous forests in medium rich and rich soils (G1.A1), fresh and dry forests, and Sarmatian-type forests (G3.4232). The typological diversity of the forest of the territory, the area covered with forest vegetation is 11,585.0 ha, were outlined. Oak (Quercus robur L.) (8,091.5 ha, 69.83%) with a predominance in its plantations of fresh maple-linden oak and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) (2,529.8 ha, 21.84%) with a predominance of fresh oak-pine sedge are the main forest-forming species. Some species have appropriate conservation status in Ukraine (Botrychium lunaria (L.) SW., Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.) Soo s.l., Epipactis palustris (L.) Crantz, Anacamptis coriophora (L.) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W. Chase (Orchis coriophora L.), A. palustris (Jacq.) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W. Chase (Orchis palustris Jacq.), and several species are protected at the regional level (Centaurium erythraea Rafn., C. pulchellum (Sw.) Druce, Dianthus stenocalyx Juz., Inula helenium L., Iris pseudacorus L., Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim., Caltha palustris L., Geum rivale L., Parnassia palustris L., Sanguisorba officinalis L., Valeriana officinalis L.)

ФИТОСОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ОСУШАЕМОГО ЛАНДШАФТА

Кормовая значимость лугов, используемых в качестве сенокосов и пастбищ, снижается от произрастания на них ядовитых растений. К ядовитым относятся растения, поедание которых вызывает у животных серьезные отравления, а в некоторых случаях приводит к гибели животных. Ядовитость обусловлена содержанием в них особых химически активных действующих соединений. Цель исследований проведение геоботанического обследования луга на территории мелиоративного объекта Тинки-II на землях Рязанской Мещеры для определения ботанического состава луговых трав, выявления и степени обилия на нем ядовитых растений. Местоположение луга близ д. Полково Рязанского района Рязанской области. Обследование проведено на площади 10000 м2 в июле 2019 года при предварительном рекогносцировочном осмотре территории по ходу рабочих маршрутов. Методика исследований общепринятая. В результате проведенного обследования территории установлены растения доминанты Elytrgia repens и Alopecurus pratensis с частой встречаемостью и высокой степенью обилия. В результате изучения растительного покрова на обследуемом участке луга выделена ассоциация Elytrgetum urtcetosum. Растения произрастали сплошным ковром и покрытие почвы составляло до 100. Общее количество ядовитых растений составило 102 экземпляра из 6 семейств. Наиболее часто встречающиеся ядовитые растения представлены семействами Зонтичные (Apiaceae) и Лютиковые (Ranunculaceae). Доля участия каждого ядовитого компонента: Conium maculatum 36, Chaerophyllum temulum, Cicuta virosa 29, Oenanthe aquatica, Thalictrum aquilegiifolium 15, Caltha palustris, Anemone ranunculoides 8, Calla palustris, Pedicularis palustris, Glechoma hederacea, Persicaria hydropiper по 12. Таким образом, видовой состав луговых трав обеднен и мала вероятность отравления сельскохозяйственных животных, так как наличие ядовитых растений незначительно, с учетом их негативного влияния на организм животного только при определенной дозе и сроке экспозиции.The fodder value of meadows used as hayfields and pastures decreases because of the growth of poisonous plants on them. Poisonous plants are those that cause serious poisoning in animals that consume them, and in some cases it leads to death of the animals. The toxicity is due to the content of special reactive compounds in them. The research objective is to conduct a geobotanical survey of the meadow on the territory of the Tinky-II reclamation site on the lands of the Ryazan Meshchera to determine the botanical composition of meadow grasses, to identify and determine the abundance of poisonous plants on it. The location of the meadow is near the village of Polkovo, Ryazan district, Ryazan region. The survey covered the area of 10,000 m2 in July 2019 during a preliminary reconnaissance survey of the territory along the working routes. The research methodology is generally acknowledged. As a result of the territory survey, it was established that the dominant plants are Elytrgia repens and Alopecurus pratensis, that occur frequently and have a high degree of abundance. As a result of studying the vegetation cover, the association Elytrgetum urtcetosum was distinguished in the examined area of the meadow. The plants grew with a continuous carpet and the soil cover was up to 100. The total number of poisonous plants was 102 from 6 families. The most common poisonous plants are represented by the Apiaceae and Ranunculaceae families. The share of each poisonous component: Conium maculatum - 36, Chaerophyllum temulum, Cicuta virosa - 29, Oenanthe aquatica, Thalictrum aquilegiifolium - 15, Caltha palustris, Anemone ranunculoides - 8, Calla palustris, Pedicularis palustris pa riceprica, hydrachlecha - 12 each. Thus, the species composition of meadow grasses is depleted and there is little chance of poisoning of farm animals, since the presence of poisonous plants is insignificant, taking into account their negative impact on the animals body only at a certain dose and duration of exposure.