Product and Process Analysis of Machine Translation into the Inflectional Language

This study focuses on the influence of quality of Machine Translation (MT) output on a translator’s performance. We analyze the translator’s effort by product analysis and process analysis. The product analysis consists of MT quality evaluation according to the Dynamic Quality Framework; using error typology and the criteria such as fluency and adequacy. We examine translator’s effort from the point of view of typing time, in the context of MT quality—focusing on error rate in language, accuracy, terminology, and style, and also in fluency and adequacy to the source text. We have found that the translator’s performance is influenced by MT quality. The typing time is very closely related to errors in language, accuracy, terminology, and style as well as to fluency and adequacy. We used the Mann-Whitney test to compare the productivity of post-editing of MT with human translation. The results of the study have shown that post-editing—compared to human translation of journalistic text from English into the inflectional Slovak language is more effective.

Effect of Ambient Illumination, Screen Resolution and Zoom Level on Performance of Typing on Computers

Objective: This work aims to investigate effect of the ambient illumination, screen resolution and Zoom levels on visual-related task performance. The job used in this research is typing on computers. Speed of typing paragraph and typing quality were defined as the task performance. Background: In recent years, computers play a remarkable role in nearly everyone’s daily life. We use computers for various purposes and under a wide range of ambient illumination. High illumination level usually results in some problems. Adjusting screen resolution and zoom level are common solutions contra problems for visibility due to unsuitable illuminations. Method: Ambient illuminations were examined 114, 230, 340, 420 and 520 lx. Screen resolution scales were diverse to cover all range of regulate ability pliable by characteristics of the offering used; 768*1024, 720*1280 and 768*1366. Zoom levels was tested 50, 100, 150 and 200%. Results: Based on this study, can be found that, the more effective illumination level on average typing time was 340 followed by 420 lx. Average typing time decrease with increasing screen resolution, the minimum average typing time observed at 720*1280 and 168*1366 screen resolution. Change the zoom level of text show significant effect on typing time, which the average typing time decreases with increasing zoom level. The minimum typing time observed at 100 and 150% zoom level. Experimental results for all S/N ratio, mean, and standard deviation (real) response values show that, illumination level, screen resolution and zoom scale are the significant parameters among all controllable factors that influence the avearge typing time. Based on S/N Ratio the optimum parameters was 114 lx illumination level and 768*1024 screen Resolution and 50% zoom level. Based on standard deviation the optimum parameters was 114 lx illumination level and 768*1366 screen Resolution and 150% zoom level. Based on the means the optimum parameters was is 230lx illumination level and 768*1366 screen Resolution and 100% zoom level. Conclusion: The provision of suitable illumination, screen resolution and zoom levels that feedback to enhancing the performance of typing performance on computers. Application: This study can inform in-computer typing offices and policy makers concerned with human factors and work-study.

A pilot study examining the speed and accuracy of triage for simulated disaster patients in an emergency department setting: Comparison of a computerized version of Canadian Triage Acuity Scale (CTAS) and Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) methods

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo compare emergency department triage nurses’ time to triage and accuracy of a simulated mass casualty incident (MCI) population using a computerized version of CTAS or START systems.MethodsThis pilot study was a prospective trial using a convenience sample. A total of 20 ED triage nurses, 10 in each arm of the study, were recruited. The paper-based questionnaire contained nine simulated MCI vignettes. An expert panel arrived at consensuses on the wording of the vignettes and created a standard triage score from which to compare the study participants. Linear regression and chi-squared test were used to examine the time to triage and accuracy of triage, respectively.ResultsThe mean triage time for computerized CTAS (cCTAS) and START were 138 seconds/patient and 33 seconds/patient, respectively. The effect size due to triage method was 108 seconds/patient (95% CI 83-134 seconds/patient). The cumulative triage accuracy for the cCTAS and START tools were 70/90 (77.8%) and 65/90 (72.2%), respectively. The percent difference between cumulative triage was 6% (95% CI −19-8%).ConclusionsTriage nurses completed START triage 105 seconds/patient faster when compared to cCTAS triage and a similar level of accuracy between the two methods was achieved. However, when the typing time is taken into consideration cCTAS took 45 seconds/patient longer. The use of either CTAS or START in the ED during a MCI may be reasonable but choosing one method over another is not justified from this investigation.