Effect of petrol and spent oil on the growth of Guinea Corn (Sorghum bicolor L.)

This study assessed the effect of petrol and spent lubricating oil on the major growth traits (such as root length, stem length, leaf area, and biomass), and the changes in epidermal layer of leaf and its mitotic index in Guinea Corn (<em>Sorghum bicolor</em> L.) exposed to 0% (control), 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% concentrations of petrol and spent lubricating oil. Each concentration was mixed with 3 kg of soil in a plastic pot and each treatment was carried out in three replicates. Forty days after planting, the leaf areas of guinea corn plant were 95.83 cm2, 89.67 cm2, 89.47 cm2, and 77.80 cm2 in control, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% respectively of petrol pollutant. The means of stem length were 32.50±0.5 cm, 22.60±0.65 cm, 21.27±0.75 cm, 20.83±0.28 cm and 20.33±0.28 cm in control, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% respectively. Both leaf area and stem length of treated seedlings reduced with increased concentration of the pollutants. Additionally, reduction in the dry weight of the seedlings increased with increasing concentration of both petrol and spent oil. The micrograph of the internal anatomy of the upper epidermal layers of the leaf revealed broken and scattered epidermal cells and smaller sizes of the stomata, and were increased with the increasing concentration of the treatment. Statistical analysis of the treatment shows that there was a significant reduction (P&lt;0.05) in the stem length and leaf area of the seedlings. This study revealed that petroleum pollutant adversely affected germination, growth and development of guinea corn but petroleum products like spent oil can provide nutrition necessary for growth and yield of plant at low concentration.

The Research of Petroleum Contaminated Site Media for Adsorption of Petroleum Pollutant

Base on the geological, hydrogeological condition survey of petroleum contaminated site, we choose benzene, dichloromethane, chloroform as target pollutants, and research the adsorption characteristics of target pollutant on the site soil media. Mainly design adsorption kinetics experiment and isothermal adsorption experiment of target pollutant on sandy silt, silt and fine sand. The result of the experiments show that the finer media the adsorption equilibrium time is shorter, the equilibrium time is sandy silt chloroform >dichloromethane, Migration is dichloromethane > chloroform > benzene. To same pollutant, the maximum adsorption of target pollutant is sandy silt >silt >fine sand.

Application of 3-D Fluorescence Spectrum and PARAFAC Method in Petroleum Pollutant Measurement and Identification

The paper used the CCl4 solutions of three kinds of petroleum as experimental subject, and a series of 3-dimentional fluorescence spectra were obtained by a fluorescence spectrometer. 3-D fluorescence data of different samples consisted three-way data arrays. The paper overlooked the specific components of petroleum pollutant, and each kind of petroleum was regarded as a whole, then PARAFAC method could obtain satisfactory spectrum decomposition result, and the concentration predictions of predicted set are shown in paper. When interfering substance exists, the method is effective similarly.

Application of Three-Dimensional Fluorescence Spectrum Method and PARAFAC in Petroleum Pollutant Measurement and Identification

Because petroleum contaminants have a big impact on marine environment, the recognition and monitoring research of petroleum contaminants has important application value. According to the petroleum products all process strong fluorescence characteristics, three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy technology can be applied to petroleum contaminants for monitoring. This paper adopts PARAFAC to deal with 3-d fluorescence data of petroleum pollutant. Thereby get that PARAFAC algorithm can get accurate resolution system of the corresponding spectrum each substance and relative concentrations. In addition, to get better predicted results by PARAFAC method, the fluorescence intensity of interference substance should be significantly less than fluorescence intensity of the lowest concentration of the sample which is to be predicted.

Transformation of a petroleum pollutant during soil bioremediation experiments

The experiment of ex situ soil bioremediation was performed at the locality of the Oil Refinery in Pancevo (alluvial formation of the Danube River, Serbia) polluted with an oil type pollutant. The experiments of biostimulation, bioventilation and reinoculation of an autochthonous microbial consortium were performed during the six-month period (May-November 2006). The changes in the quantity and composition of the pollutant, or the bioremediation effect, were monitored by analysis of the samples of the polluted soil taken in time spans of two weeks. In this way, from the beginning until the end of the experiment, 12 samples were collected and marked as P1-P12 (Pancevo 1-Pancevo 12). The results obtained showed that more significant changes in the composition of the oil pollutant occurred only during the last phases of the experiment (P8-P12). The activity of microorganisms was reflected in the increase of the quantity of polar oil fractions, mainly fatty acid fractions. In this way, the quantity of total eluate increased, and the quantity of the insoluble residue was reduced to a minimum, whereby the oil pollutant was transformed to a form that could be removed more efficiently and more completely from the soil, as a segment of the environment.