Macro Variable Determinants of Exchange Rates in Vietnam

Exchange rate is the value of one nation’s currency that can be converted into others, or the unit of the domestic currency needed to buy 1 unit of foreign money system. It is an obvious that exchange rate has always been acknowledged as the main culprit behind several economic phenomena, playing a significant role in determining the change of the economy. Due to its importance, exchange rate allows comparison of good prices among countries or the transfer of funds in different nations, accounting for the health of one economy. This paper aims to take a closer look at the roles of several economic variables on the movement of exchange rate, studying the short term and long term effect as well as the beneficial or detrimental impacts contributing to the fluctuation of the currency conversion value. This research focuses on the fluctuation of three exchange rates, which are Japanese Yen, United State Dollar, Euro to Vietnamese Dong. The chosen macro variables for analyzing include economic growth, export, import, inflation, foreign direct investment, budget deficit, stock market index, crude oil price, balance of payment between Vietnam and other countries for a sample of 15 years from 2003 to 2017 quarterly.

Object of legal relations of crediting in foreign currency

In the article presents the systematization of legal and scientific approaches to the composition and characteristics of foreign currency lending entities. It was opened and analyzed the scientific approaches and views of the legislator on this issue in order to distinguish a generalized definition of this aspect. It is established that at the present stage of development of scientific thought and legal support there is no unified approach to the separation of the main composition of objects of legal relations of the specified category. It is revealed that the civil law takes into account the basic values of credit relations (the allocation of objects such as cash and interest on the loan), but in other regulations there is no reference to their exhaustive list, which complicates the definition of characteristics and features of this phenomenon. Based on the research of scientific and legislative approaches, the classification of features and types of legal relations objects in the sphere of foreign currency lending is formulated. The following main features and types of objects of legal relations in the sphere of foreign currency lending are distinguished, namely: 1) a specific feature according to which the foreign currency cash provided by the lender to the borrower under the credit agreement is distinguished; 2) the value attribute, which provides for the allocation of the principal amount of the borrower's obligations and the interest on them specified in the credit agreement; 3) an obligatory sign (a reference to the obligation on the part of the lender to provide a loan of this category, and the obligation on the part of the borrower to pay the loan and interest thereon); 4) a sign of reversal caused by the characteristics of repayment of principal and interest on the loan; 5) an additional feature of foreign currency conversion, which allows to distinguish the object of legal relations in the sphere of lending in the direction of currency transactions, namely, the exchange rate.