The Use of Diary to Improve the Writing Ability of the English Second Graders at Hamzanwadi University

The research aimed at finding out the use of a diary in improving the writing ability of the English students of Hamzanwadi University. The problems formulated in this research were (1) Is the use of diary effective in teaching writing for the English students of Hamzanwadi University? (2) How effective is using a diary in teaching writing for the English students of Hamzanwadi University? The research design of this study was one group pretest and posttest. The population of this research was the second-semester students of Hamzanwadi University, which consisted of 105 students in 4 classes. The present researcher took class D as the sample that consisted of 20 students. The present researcher generated a simple random sampling by obtaining an exhaustive list of a population and then randomly selecting a certain number of individuals to comprise the sample. A pretest and a posttest were given to the students to collect the data. The result of the data analysis indicated that the mean score of the pretest was 34.86 while in the posttest was 48.00. In testing the hypothesis, the result of the t-test was -9.706. The null hypothesis was rejected, and the alternative hypothesis was accepted. So, it can be said that using a diary was significantly effective in teaching writing.

Comments upon the sources of the Church Slavonic–Ruthenian Lexicon by Pamvo Berynda

The article examines some of the sources of Pamvo Berynda’s Church Slavonic–Ruthenian lexicon. Identifying the sources of the dictionary and all the hidden quotes is an important task for the correct presentation of the content of this lexicographical monument. The quoted content presented in the Lexicon is divided into two groups: material that did not indicate the source (an example is the Interpretation of words difficult to understand) and materials that indicated the source. For the second case, a non-exhaustive list of such examples is provided. Such quotations show that, for his Lexicon, Berynda mainly used works in the printing of which he himself participated. These are the Homilies on the Acts of the Apostles and the Homilies on the 14 Epistles of the Holy Apostle Paul, both belonging to John Chrysostom, along with the Didactic Gospel. The use of dictionary entries in the Interpretation of words difficult to understand, a lexicon based on the vocabulary from the Ladder of Divine Ascent, and from Interpretation of words in alphabetical order by Maximus the Greek confirms Berynda’s interest, indicated by other researchers as well, for the previous lexicographic tradition.

Revisiting the Zimbabwean Unfair Labour Practice Concept

The 2013 Constitution of Zimbabwe entrenches the broad right to fair labour practices. The right is given effect to in Part III of the Labour Act (Chapter 28:01), which provides an exhaustive list of unfair labour practices which can be committed by employers, trade unions, workers' committees, and other persons. The Labour Act predates the 2013 Constitution. The constitutionalisation of the right to fair labour practices necessarily carries with it the attendant difficulties of reconciling the new rights and the pre-existing regulatory framework. This article seeks to contribute towards a practical understanding of the Zimbabwean unfair labour practice concept in the light of the constitutionalisation of the right to fair labour practices. It explores the nature and scope of the concept of unfair labour practice and examines its relationship with the constitutional right. Further, the contribution critiques the formalistic and conservative approach adopted by the Constitutional Court in explaining this relationship. The article commences with a brief discussion of the origins of the concept and its reception in Zimbabwean labour law. Following from this, the contribution critically analyses the unfair labour practice concept from statutory and constitutional perspectives. It argues for an expanded paradigm of the concept. This can be achieved if the judiciary moves away from pedantic approaches to the interpretation of labour rights. Therefore, the clarion call is for a purposive and expansive interpretation of the right to fair labour practices, which promotes constitutionalism. In addition, the contribution calls upon the legislature to reconsider the viability of the exhaustive list of unfair labour practices in Part III of the Labour Act, given the constitutionalisation of the broad right to fair labour practices.

REAL ESTATE AS A SUBJECT OF PLEDGE

Цель настоящей статьи - проведение правового анализа понятия и сущности недвижимости как предмета залога. Для достижения указанной цели в статье рассматриваются различные подходы к определению понятия и выделению свойств недвижимости. В результате проведенного исследования авторы пришли к выводу о необходимости закрепления исчерпывающего перечня недвижимого имущества, которое может быть предметом ипотеки. The purpose of this article is to conduct a legal analysis of the concept and essence of real estate as a collateral. To achieve this goal, the article discusses various approaches to the definition of the concept and the allocation of real estate properties. As a result of the conducted research, the authors came to the conclusion that it is necessary to consolidate an exhaustive list of real estate that can be the subject of a mortgage.

Criminal law aspects of determining the actual preparation for a crime in the norms of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation

The article examines the legal nature of preparation for a crime, provides a conceptual and terminological analysis of this category of criminal law. The work is devoted to the study of reflection of the provisions of the general criminal law concerning the regulation of the institution of preparation for a crime in its special part. The study, taking into account different views in the theory of criminal law, provides the author’s definition of the actual preparation for a crime. As a result of the study, it is confirmed that when determining the prescriptions of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, reflecting the actual preparation for a crime, it is necessary to proceed from the fact that they should not establish an independent crime, but an act that constitutes the creation of conditions for the commission of this crime. When deciding whether to classify an act as an actual preparation for a crime, it is proposed to use the method of mentally excluding the relevant prescriptions from the criminal law. The author demonstrated the application of this method by the example of the compositions of the Special Part, namely Art. 146, 150, 159, 1596, 1711, 1732, 186, 187, 1911, 2051, 2054, 209, 210, 211, 212, 234, 2341, 238, 239, 242, 2421, 2422, 276, 2821, 2822, 2823, 3271, 3272, 353, 359, 361 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which in his opinion represent an exhaustive list of options for reflecting the actual preparation for a crime in the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

Standardized approaches of regulated organizations and regulators to the justification of doubtful debt costs

The article presents the results of a study of the problems that occur when applying the problems of regulated application by regulated organizations in the field of heat supply and regulatory authorities of standardized approaches to substantiating actual expenses under the article “Expenses on doubtful debts” in relation to heat generation facilities. The specifics of the heat supply services market, expressed in the naturally monopolistic position of heat suppliers, are revealed. The key conditions for the successful functioning of regulated organizations have been identified and proposals have been developed to ensure the immutability of long-term regulatory parameters and accuracy in tariff planning, justification and cost calculation. An exhaustive list of documents justifying and confirming the actual expenses of regulated organizations in the field of heat supply under the article “Expenses on doubtful debts”has been developed and proposed. The results of approbation of the corresponding list of documents are presented.

Synthesis, Structural and Biological Properties of the Ring-A Sulfonamido Substituted Chalcones: A Review

Sulfonamidochalcones continue to assert themselves as versatile synthetic intermedi-ates and several articles continue to appear in literature describing their synthesis, chemical transformation and biological properties. These compounds are not only of interest from the medicinal chemistry context, their conformations and crystalline structures also continue to attract attention to explore non-covalent (intramolecular and intermolecular) interactions, control molecular conformations, and improve their physicochemical and optical properties. Despite an exhaustive list of examples of the ring-A sulfonamide-appended chalcones described in the literature, there is no com-prehensive review dedicated to their synthesis, structural and biological properties. This review focuses attention on the synthesis, structure and biological properties of the ring-A sulfonamide-appended chalcones (o/m/p-sulfonamidochalcones) as well as their potential as non-linear optical materials.

A brief history of Amazonian research in Polish anthropology

In this short article we describe the history of Polish anthropological research in Amazonia, comprising four distinct periods: 1) the work of Polish Amazonia afficionados, 2) the trailblazers, 3) the first generation of Amazonianist scholars, and 4) the research conducted by the second-generation Polish Amazonianists. The text also includes an exhaustive list of research publications, dissertations and translations by Polish scholars belonging to that group.

Plant-Derived Pesticides as an Alternative to Pest Management and Sustainable Agricultural Production: Prospects, Applications and Challenges

Pests and diseases are responsible for most of the losses related to agricultural crops, either in the field or in storage. Moreover, due to indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides over the years, several issues have come along, such as pest resistance and contamination of important planet sources, such as water, air and soil. Therefore, in order to improve efficiency of crop production and reduce food crisis in a sustainable manner, while preserving consumer’s health, plant-derived pesticides may be a green alternative to synthetic ones. They are cheap, biodegradable, ecofriendly and act by several mechanisms of action in a more specific way, suggesting that they are less of a hazard to humans and the environment. Natural plant products with bioactivity toward insects include several classes of molecules, for example: terpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, cyanogenic glucosides, quinones, amides, aldehydes, thiophenes, amino acids, saccharides and polyketides (which is not an exhaustive list of insecticidal substances). In general, those compounds have important ecological activities in nature, such as: antifeedant, attractant, nematicide, fungicide, repellent, insecticide, insect growth regulator and allelopathic agents, acting as a promising source for novel pest control agents or biopesticides. However, several factors appear to limit their commercialization. In this critical review, a compilation of plant-derived metabolites, along with their corresponding toxicology and mechanisms of action, will be approached, as well as the different strategies developed in order to meet the required commercial standards through more efficient methods.

Salt tolerance in rice: seedling and reproductive stage QTL mapping come of age

Key message Reproductive stage salinity tolerance is most critical for rice as it determines the yield under stress. Few studies have been undertaken for this trait as phenotyping was cumbersome, but new methodology outlined in this review seeks to redress this deficiency. Sixty-three meta-QTLs, the most important genomic regions to target for enhancing salinity tolerance, are reported. Abstract Although rice has been categorized as a salt-sensitive crop, it is not equally affected throughout its growth, being most sensitive at the seedling and reproductive stages. However, a very poor correlation exists between sensitivity at these two stages, which suggests that the effects of salt are determined by different mechanisms and sets of genes (QTLs) in seedlings and during flowering. Although tolerance at the reproductive stage is arguably the more important, as it translates directly into grain yield, more than 90% of publications on the effects of salinity on rice are limited to the seedling stage. Only a few studies have been conducted on tolerance at the reproductive stage, as phenotyping is cumbersome. In this review, we list the varieties of rice released for salinity tolerance traits, those being commercially cultivated in salt-affected soils and summarize phenotyping methodologies. Since further increases in tolerance are needed to maintain future productivity, we highlight work on phenotyping for salinity tolerance at the reproductive stage. We have constructed an exhaustive list of the 935 reported QTLs for salinity tolerance in rice at the seedling and reproductive stages. We illustrate the chromosome locations of 63 meta-QTLs (with 95% confidence interval) that indicate the most important genomic regions for salt tolerance in rice. Further study of these QTLs should enhance our understanding of salt tolerance in rice and, if targeted, will have the highest probability of success for marker-assisted selections.