Evaluation of embryotoxicity and fetotoxicity of Clindamycin phosphate under normal and elevated levels of serum Hydrogen sulfide in rats

Widespread use of antibiotics in clinical practice leads to the development of antibiotic resistance and encourages the search for new ways of modulation of their therapeutic effect. One of the potentially successful modulators may be Hydrogen sulfide, but the mechanisms of its action require careful studies, including toxicological. The aim of the study was to study the effect of Hydrogen sulfide levels on the embryotoxicity and fetotoxicity of oral and intravaginal Clindamycin phosphate administration. The experimental study was performed on 60 pregnant female rats, which were divided into 6 experimental groups: group 1 – control group; group 2 – high level of serum Hydrogen sulfide; group 3 – Clindamycin phosphate intravaginally; group 4 – Clindamycin phosphate intravaginally with high level of serum Hydrogen sulfide; group 5 – Clindamycin phosphate orally; group 6 – Clindamycin phosphate orally with high level of serum Hydrogen sulfide. We studied the dynamics of weight gain in pregnant rats, the number of corpora lutea, the number of implantation sites in the uterus, the number of live and dead fetuses, preimplantation and postimplantation mortality, as well as the dynamics of body weight gain and mental development of offspring. Artificially increasing the serum level of Hydrogen sulfide in pregnant rats led to an increase in maternal weight gain, an increase in the weight and cranio-caudal size of embryos, as well as a decrease in the number of resorbed fetuses and postimplantation mortality. The insignificant toxic effect of high doses of oral Clindamycin phosphate was leveled in the group with elevated indices of serum Hydrogen sulfide. Rats born to females with elevated levels of serum Hydrogen sulfide showed faster rates of weight gain and normal mental development according to the “open field” test.

Chiral Aziridine Sulfide N(sp3),S-Ligands for Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Reactions

A series of new bidentate N,S-ligands—aziridines containing a para-substituted phenyl sulfide group—was synthesized and evaluated in the Pd-catalyzed Tsuji–Trost reaction and addition of diethylzinc and phenylethynylzinc to benzaldehyde. A high enantiomeric ratio for the addition reactions (up to 94.2:5.8) was obtained using the aziridine ligand bearing a p-nitro phenyl sulfide group. Collected results reveal a specific electronic effect that, by the presence of particular electron-donating or electron-withdrawing groups in the PhS- moiety, influences the σ-donor–metal binding and the enantioselectivity of the catalyzed reactions.

Chemical Constituents of the Volatile Derived from the Black Garlic Processing

Pungent gas released from the black garlic production was analyzed by Gas Chromatography to clarify compounds included. Three major constituents as ammonia, sulfide-group and aldehyde-group were identified as stimulating agents. Vegetables (plants) released-gas from garlic, onion, horse radish, et al. showed bacteria killing activity against P. aeruginosa, B. natto, enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157, MRSA and C. albicans. Scanning electron micrographs showed that anti-bacteria mechanisms by the volatile seem different depending on species of vegetables (plants).

Crystal structure of poly[(μ3-thiocyanato-κ3N:S:S)(trimethylphosphine sulfide-κS)copper(I)]

In the title compound, [Cu(NCS)(C3H9PS)]n, the thiocyanate ions bind the CuIatoms covalently, forming infinite –Cu—SCN—Cu– chains parallel to theaaxis. Each CuIatom is also coordinated to a trimethylphosphine sulfide groupviaa Cu—S bond. Two crystallographically independent chains propagate in opposite directions, and are held together in a ribbon arrangement by long bonds between CuIatoms in the first chain and thiocyanate S atoms in the second, with Cu—S = 2.621 (1) Å. The geometry around the CuIatoms in the first chain is distorted tetrahedral, with angles involving the long Cu—S bond much less than ideal, and the S—Cu—N angle between the phosphine sulfide S atom and the thiocyanate N atom opening out to 133.19 (9)°. Each CuIatom in the second chain appears to be disordered between two positions 0.524 (4) Å apart, with occupancy factors of 0.647 (6) and 0.353 (6). The CuIatom in the major site is in a distorted trigonal–planar configuration, with the S—Cu—N angle between the phosphine sulfide and the thiocyanate N atom again opened out, to 137.01 (15)°. The CuIatom in the minor site, however, forms in addition a long bond [Cu—S = 2.702 (5) Å] to the phosphine sulfide of the first chain, not the thiocyanate S atom, to provide a further link between the chains.

Synthesis and insecticidal activity of 6,8-dichloro-quinazoline derivatives containing a sulfide substructure

A series of 6,8-dichloro-quinazoline derivatives bearing a sulfide group was synthesized and characterized via 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and elemental analyses. All the compounds were tested for their insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella in vitro. The results indicate that the synthesized compounds possess good insecticidal activity. Among these compounds, Vc, Vi, Vj, Vk and Vm displayed 75 %, 85 %, 80 %, 70 % and 63 % activities, respectively. These may prove useful as insecticidal agents.