Warthy-Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Penile – Case Report

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to present a case of penile squamous cell carcinoma and immunohistochemical identification and evaluation of E-cadherin and β-catenin expression.MethodsWe are presenting a 70-year old man with a variant of penile squamous cell carcinoma with mixed warty and basaloid features. After diagnosis, the patient underwent partial penectomy. Samples taken from the material after surgery were subjected to basic histological staining and immunohistochemical identification of E-cadherin and β-catenin. A Real-time PCR study was conducted to investigate the expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin.ResultsRoutine histopathological examinations revealed the characteristic features of warty-basaloid squamous cell carcinoma. In the case studied, a positive immunohistochemical reaction was observed for E-cadherin and β-catenin. QRT-PCR analysis showed a statistically significant decrease in E-cadherin expression in tumor samples compared to healthy tissue. In contrast, expression of the gene encoding β-catenin was slightly higher in tumor samples compared to normal tissue.ConclusionsThe reduced level of the complex of adhesive elements, E-cadherin-β-catenin, disturbs cell differentiation, promotes a more invasive phenotype-stromal infiltration and the formation of distant metastases. In the described case of the penile tumor, a decrease in E-cadherin expression was noted, which could be related to the occurrence of neoplastic infiltration of the spongy body space. In summary, E-cadherin and β-catenin expression and the immunoreactivity of these proteins are expressed at different levels in tumor cells and in penile interstitial cells. Regulation of expression during various physiological and pathophysiological processes indicates a potentially important role of E-cadherin and β-catenin in cell proliferation and adhesion.

Method of immunohistochemical identification of extravillous cytotrophoblast in the structures of utero-placental bed and myometrium

In this article, we discover and demonstrate the way of immunohistochemical identification of extravillous cytotrophoblast in the structures of the uteroplacental area and myometrium, which can be used to study the uteroplacental form of placental insufficiency, in the morphogenesis of which the key reason is a violation of the gestational changes of the spiral arteries of the uterus.

Tryptase- and ghrelin positive mast cells in the interalveolar septa of rat’s lung

The mast cell mediators and distribution of lung mast cells in rats are often discussed in experimental studies on pulmonary fibrotic and allergic processes associated with changes in numbers of these cells, but information on the normal distribution of metachromatic and tryptase-positive mast cells in the interalveolar septa is scarce. There are no data on the presence of ghrelin in lung mast cells as well as the age-specific features of localisation and the number of mast cells in the interalveolar septa in rats of different ages. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the distribution of metachromatic, tryptase-, and ghrelin-positive mast cells in the interalveolar septa in 20 day-, 3 month- and 1 year-old rats. Tissue sections stained with toluidine blue had been taken from the left lung to visualise metachromasia and immunohistochemical expression of tryptase and ghrelin. The results showed that the amount of metachromatic mast cells in the interalveolar septa was significantly lower than that of tryptase- and ghrelin-positive cells. This allowed suggesting that mast cells were permanent occupants of the rat lung parenchyma and, on the other hand, the expression of ghrelin in their granules was most likely related to the synthesis of this protein. Our study showed that immunohistochemical identification by tryptase expression was more accurate than toluidine blue staining.