John McGahern and the alternative life of the farm

Though McGahern’s father was a police officer and his mother a schoolteacher, they had a small farm where the writer spent his childhood years, and it was this home territory of rural Roscommon and Leitrim that was central to his fiction. Recurrently in the novels and stories, the former Republican father, disillusioned with independent Ireland, rules over the farm as his own independent republic, but alienates the son whom he needs as heir. Amongst Women shows up the illusion of the patriarchal ideal of the family working together on the farm and its crippling gender politics. Yet, dissatisfaction with the city drives key characters back to the alternative life of the farm, as in ‘The Country Funeral’. In That They May Face the Rising Sun, McGahern creates his fullest version of the farming community, at once tenderly pastoral and caustically observed in its social reality.

Building Bear Fences for Your Apiary

The American black bear is beloved, but it is also the most damaging vertebrate pest of honey bee apiaries in North America. That is in part because bears and beekeepers often share the same home territory. Many top beekeeping and pollination states also fall within the range of the American black bear. Can bears and beekeepers live in peace together? This 6-page fact sheet written by Kimberly K. Post and Cameron Jack and published by the UF/IFAS Entomology and Nematology Department details the basic steps for installing an electrified bear fence around a bee yard so that savvy beekeepers can protect hives and honey without harming honey-loving bears.

Cross-border Entrepreneurial Education, Development and Knowledge and Technology Transfer: Experiences with the Cambridge–Riga Venture Camp Programme—A Reflective Report

Over a 6-year period, a collaboration has been developed between a group in Cambridge, UK, and two Latvian Universities, Stockholm School of Economics in Riga and other organisations, including Riga City Council, supported by the British Embassy Riga and the Latvian Embassy in London, enabling structured processes to be developed to identify aspiring entrepreneurs based in Latvia and Estonia and provide education, coaching, mentoring and encouragement first in the home territory, leading to an intense whole-week development venture camp in Cambridge for selected candidates. The programme was extended to provide ongoing business development support for a number of entrepreneurial companies with global potential, and the developing venture camp activities attracted, supported and helped accelerate the evolution in Riga of an innovative ecosystem providing leadership in the Baltics. Practical examples of cross-border knowledge and technology transfers have been recorded as part of the Cambridge–Riga Venture Camp process. This report presents the development, content and outcomes of this innovative project aimed at supporting the emergence of entrepreneurial and innovative capabilities of Latvian delegates to the project. Detailed appendices including data and narrative based survey of outcomes and assessments containing structured feedback from delegates participating in the 2020 Cambridge-Riga Venture Camp are available as the Supplementary material online. This is an interim report, since the activity is ongoing and continuously developing.

Knowledge and Practices of Indigenous Peoples in the Context of Resource Management in Relation to Climate Change in Southeast Asia

In this article, we document how four indigenous peoples in insular Southeast Asia (Indonesia and the Philippines) have reacted to external interventions and discuss to what extent climate change has been a factor in the adjustment of their way of life. All groups share a similar environment, that is tropical low land rainforest. However, their traditional modes of exploitation of this environment vary, which can be ascribed to specific geographical and cultural characteristics. In recent years, these indigenous peoples have faced encroachment of their lands through logging and mining activities and the arrival of migrants looking for arable lands. They have developed various ways to cope with the changing conditions, ranging from efforts to retreat into the remaining rainforest to increased resource extraction and losing a long-term interest in the sustainability of their home territory. The younger generation seems to take a different stand towards their future in relation to their natural environment and the way of life of their ancestors. Though there can be no doubt about climate change in the context of insular Southeast Asia, this change is difficult to differentiate from the cumulative environmental impacts brought about by other forms of anthropogenic change, notably forest degradation. Examples that will be discussed in this article are the Agta of Northeastern Luzon in the Philippines, and the Orang Rimba, the Mentawaians, and the Ngaju Dayak in Indonesia.

Pierre Janet’s Patient, 1922

This chapter discloses Natalia Ilyinichna Tcherniak's return to Paris after almost two years of living in Berlin, Germany. It emphasizes how Natalia was in a state of some distress as the emotional disarray she experienced in Berlin worsened on home territory. It also delves into Natalia's experience as a patient of France's top clinical psychologist, Pierre Janet. The chapter reviews the underlying principle of Janet's practice as a clinical psychologist, which emphasizes that the minds of patients are quite unlike the minds of their doctors. It talks about Natalia's refusal to the distinction between the normal and the abnormal mind, which she ended up writing about with the very angst that initially led her to Janet's consulting room.

Relying on known or exploring for new? Movement patterns and reproductive resource use in a tadpole-transporting frog

Animals relying on uncertain, ephemeral and patchy resources have to regularly update their information about profitable sites. For many tropical amphibians, widespread, scattered breeding pools constitute such fluctuating resources. Among tropical amphibians, poison frogs (Dendrobatidae) exhibit some of the most complex spatial and parental behaviors—including territoriality and tadpole transport from terrestrial clutches to ephemeral aquatic deposition sites. Recent studies have revealed that poison frogs rely on spatial memory to successfully navigate through their environment. This raises the question of when and how these frogs gain information about the area and suitable reproductive resources. To investigate the spatial patterns of pool use and to reveal potential explorative behavior, we used telemetry to follow males of the territorial dendrobatid frog Allobates femoralis during tadpole transport and subsequent homing. To elicit exploration, we reduced resource availability experimentally by simulating desiccated deposition sites. We found that tadpole transport is strongly directed towards known deposition sites and that frogs take similar direct paths when returning to their home territory. Frogs move faster during tadpole transport than when homing after the deposition, which probably reflects different risks and costs during these two movement phases. We found no evidence for exploration, neither during transport nor homing, and independent of the availability of deposition sites. We suggest that prospecting during tadpole transport is too risky for the transported offspring as well as for the transporting male. Relying on spatial memory of multiple previously discovered pools appears to be the predominant and successful strategy for the exploitation of reproductive resources in A. femoralis. Our study provides for the first time a detailed description of poison frog movement patterns during tadpole transport and corroborates recent findings on the significance of spatial memory in poison frogs. When these frogs explore and discover new reproductive resources remains unknown.

Fighting His Way Back Home

In this chapter, Pickens returns to his home territory and begins the process of reclaiming western South Carolina and upper Georgia from British and tory control. He and his militia cooperate with Continental forces under Henry Lee in the successful siege and recapture of Augusta, and cooperate with Nathanael Greene in a failed siege of Ninety Six. Pickens’s brother Joseph is killed in the siege. When the whig forces withdraw from the area, Pickens persuades his wife Becky to remain in enemy-held territory rather than flee, setting an example for other whig families and sending the message that the patriot forces plan to return soon.