The Kentucky Campaign of 1862 and Drought

In the late summer and early autumn of 1862, Gen. Braxton Bragg’s Kentucky Campaign failed to regain Tennessee or add Kentucky to the Confederacy. Starting in Mississippi, Bragg’s Confederate army had first entered Tennessee. After Maj. Gen. Edmund Kirby Smith’s smaller Confederate army invaded Kentucky, Bragg followed. Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell’s Federal army trailed Bragg north before diverting to Louisville. Summer heat and a massive drought made campaigning onerous, while supporting Confederate actions in northeastern Mississippi failed to divert troops from Bragg’s path. Bragg won a confused tactical victory at Perryville, but his outnumbered army retreated to Tennessee along with Kirby Smith. Throughout the campaign, enslaved Kentuckians seeking emancipation sought protection from Union forces. On the fringes, a brutal guerrilla war flared up. Bragg’s ultimate failure secured Union control of Kentucky for the remainder of the war.

TRADE UNION CONTROL IN THE CONTEXT OF TRADE UNION RELATIONS WITH PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ENTITIES IN UKRAINE

At the present stage of development of the trade union movement in Ukraine, the issues of determining the place and role of trade unions in the system of public administration as a subject of public administration and the institution of civil society are relevant. The lack of legal recognition of social partnership, and its replacement by social dialogue has led to a decrease in the influence of trade unions on social protection and the lack of trade union control. The latter has been replaced by public control exercised in Ukraine by various public associations. The aim of the article: As a result, trade unions began to participate as advisory bodies rather than as defenders of workers' labor rights. Accordingly, the relations with the subjects of public administration have changed. The aims of the article: to demonstrate that not only in the Ukrainian practice of public administration, but also in the science of public administration, no attention is paid to the problem of trade union control and the relationship between trade unions and public administration entities. Object of research: trade unions as a subject of public administration. Research methodology: a review of Ukrainian literature sources on trade union control and its impact on the relationship of public administration. The results obtained: in the Ukrainian science of public administration there are no publications on trade union activities and trade union control; the mechanisms for building relationships between trade unions and public administration entities are not defined; there is a constant perception that trade unions are public associations and their main role is to conduct a dialogue between employers, authorities and employees; there is no clear conceptual view of the trade union control process, which causes many legal conflicts. Practical significance: scientific substantiation of the use of the concept of "trade union control" in legal practice and in the activities of public administration, its clear definition makes it possible to influence the rights of workers and influence the development of social policy by public administration.