Giant Primary Apocrine Carcinoma of Frontal Region: Clinical Presentation, Surgical Treatment and Review of the Literature

Background: Primary cutaneous apocrine carcinoma (PCAC), a subtype of sweat gland carcinoma, is an extremely rare malignant neoplasm. Distinguishing apocrine carcinoma from breast carcinoma metastasis is difficult even for pathologist. Most arise in regions of high apocrine gland density like axilla, and rarely on the scalp and eyelid, but it’s possible to occur elsewhere on the skin. Primary cutaneous apocrine carcinoma of the scalp is a rare malignancy most often reported in the literature as case reports or small case series. Giant form of primary cutaneous apocrine carcinoma in frontal region is not described in literature, to the best of our knowledge. There no established protocols for primary cutaneous apocrine carcinoma treatment.Case presentation: We report a case giant primary cutaneous apocrine carcinoma localized in frontal region. Definitive diagnosis of primary cutaneous apocrine carcinoma is made by biopsy with microscopic and immunohistochemical analysis. Wide surgical excision and reconstruction with large local transposition flap and split thickness skin grafts for secondary defect were our therapy of choice.Conclusion: Primary cutaneous apocrine carcinoma is very rare malignancy and giant form in not described yet. Surgical treatment provided the patients with the tumor free status as well satisfactory aesthetical appearances and quality of living.

Necrotic plaques in an elderly male

Reactive perforating collagenosis is commonly recognised as an unusual form of transepithelial elimination of collagen and elastin fibres which are extruded through the epidermis in patients with a genetic predisposition or underlying diseases, such as diabetes mellitus or renal diseases. We present the unusual case of an 87-year-old diabetic male with a giant form of reactive perforating collagenosis and review the available literature.

Clear Cell Acanthoma: A Review of Clinical and Histologic Variants

Degos and Civatte first described clear cell acanthoma (CCA) in 1962 and later in a review article found that, in most instances, the lesion was a solitary red-brown dome-shaped papule that involved the distal lower extremity. The first morphologic variant of CCA was reported as a “giant form of the acanthoma of Degos” which measured 45 × 40 mm, about twice the size of the largest CCA documented earlier. Since then, many variants of CCA have been described, including polypoid, pigmented and atypical. Herein, we describe a new variant of CCA and add another example of the polypoid variant to the literature. The new variant exhibits cellular features of trichilemmoma but architecturally differs from it. We also attempt to broaden the list of CCA variants summarized by Tempark and Shwayder by adding ours and a few more examples of CCA. The new variants of CCA include verrucous, linear, subungual and trichilemmal.

Cover of last glaciation deposits at the Eastern Barents Sea: originality of composition, thicknesses distribution, grandiosity and singularity of structure forms

Analysis of the data of seismoacoustic investigation and geotechnical drilling in the Eastern Barents Sea has shown the following. The Upper Weichselian glacial deposits cover spread regionally. It represents seismostratigraphic complex (SSC) SSC III, unconformity occurs on the Mezozoic deposits, partly - on the Lower Weichselian moraine (SSC V) and is overlain unconformity by the Late Glacial glaciomarine (SSC II) - Holocene marine (SSC I) sediments. SSC III consists of two seismofacies (SF). Predominant SSF III-C are formed by the ordinary moraine almost solely, and SF III-T - by the M-moraine. The presence of these moraines determines SSC III thicknesses distribution nearly completely. The ordinary moraine thickness fluctuates from < 10 m to 10-25 m. The M-moraine forms huge in plan, positive accumulation bodies in which its thickness > 25 m and arrives at 50-75 m. The Upper Weichselian deposit cover has also the other grandiosity structure-morphological elements: end moraines (the giant form was discovered) and powerful subglacial cuts, which represent unique unburied analog of the known so-called tunnel valleys. Structure, composition, thicknesses particularities of SSC III deposits cover are determinated by specific character of the development of the Last Glaciation in the region.

Main features of the structure, litological composition, and thickness of the quaternary deposits cover in the eastern Barents sea

Analysis of the data of seismoacoustic investigation and geotechnical drilling in the western Barents Sea has shown the following. The Upper Weichselian glacial deposits cover spread regionally. It represents seismostratigraphic complex (SSK) SSK III, unconformity occurs on the Mezozoic deposits, partly – on the Lower Weichselian moraine (SSK V) and is overlain unconformity by the Late Glacial glaciomarine (SSK II) – Holocene marine (SSK I) sediments. SSK III consists of two seismofacies (SF). Predominant SSF III-C are formed by the ordinary moraine almost solely, and SF III-T – by the M-moraine. The presence of these moraines determine of SSK III thicknesses distribution nearly completely. The ordinary moraine thickness fluctuates from < 10 m to 10–25 m. The M-moraine forms huge in plan, positive accumulation bodies in which its thickness > 25 m and arrives at 50–75 m. The other grandiosity structure-morphological elements of the Upper Weichselian deposits cover are: end moraines (the giant form was discovered) and powerful subglacial cuts, which represents unique unburied analog of the known so-called tunnel valleys. Structure, composition, thicknesses particularities of SSK III deposits cover were conditioned by specific character of process of the Last Glaciation development in the region.

ON INFECTION OF RABBITS OF THE GIANT BREED WITH DIFFERENT SPECIES OF AMERI IN LABORATORY CONDITIONS

Rabbits’ eimeriosis is widespread in Armenia. In 2015–2018 we found 7 species of coccidia of the genus Eimeria: E. magna, E. media, E. perforans, E. irresidua, E. coecicola, E. exigua and E. stiedae in the mountainous, foothill and flat zones. However, in addition to the above species, the giant form of E. sp. (size of oocysts: length – 62.5 microns, width – 31.25 microns) was found in the winter in the mountainous zone, and in the spring, in the private farms of the plain zone. An analysis of our research has shown that 3-month-old rabbits become infected with oocysts of ameri within 3 days. At the same time, they are infected with 9 species of oocyst of ameri – E. magna, E. media, E. perforans, E. irresidua, E. coecicola, E. exigua, and two sizes of E. sp. of a giant form (form 1 – 28.13х53.13 microns and form 2 – 31.25х62.50 microns). The species E. coecicola was found in one individual on the first day of the study, and the species E. exigua in two individuals on the fifth day of the study. The highest level of infection with the species E. magna, E. perforans, E. irresidua, E. sp.-1 (giant form-1) was registered on the 3rd day of research. Type E. media is an optional pathogen. The highest infection level of this species was recorded on the 2nd day of research. Despite the fact that in the giant second form of E. sp.-2, infection ranged by day, invasion was weak throughout the study days.