Koksidiosis pada kangguru pohon kelabu (Dendrolagus inustus) di tempat konservasi ex situ

Koksidiosis merupakan penyakit yang dapat menyerang berbagai jenis hewan teramasuk kangguru. Informasi koksidiosis pada kangguru dahan kelabu masih sangat sedikit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan observasi kasus koksidiosis pada kanguru pohon kelabu yang meliputi pengamatan gejala klinis, dan mengidentifikasi jenis koksidia. Hasil observasi pada dua ekor kangguru pohon kelabu menunjukkan penurunan aktivitas, lemah, lesu dan nafsu makan menurun. Hasil pemeriksaan feses menunjukkan kedua hewan menderita koksidiosis dengan rata rata jumlah ookista tiap gram feses sebesar 450. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan jenis koksidia yang menginfeksi adalah dari genus Eimeria spp.

The influence of coccidiostatic Baycox on the course of coccidiosis in broiler chicken

The purpose of the research is to identify species of Eimeria spp. in chicken broilers suspected to be infected with coccidia and to determine the effect of coccidiostatics in the course of coccidiosis.Materials and methods. The study involved 20 six-week-old broiler chickens obtained from a farm heavily affected by coccidia (natural infection – a high oocyst incidence). Each group yielded 10 randomly picked chickens to be used in the experiment. The birds were divided into 2 groups 10 chickens each: control (I); Baycox-treated (II); Baycox was applied for 2 days in a concentration of 25 ppm in drinking water. Samples of broiler chickens’ droppings were tested qualitatively by the flotation method (Willis-Schlaaf) and then quantitatively by the McMaster technique. The chickens were killed 6 days post-treatment and their intestinal mean total lesion scores (MTLS) were graded 0 to 4 on an arbitrary scale described by Johnson and Reid (1970).Results and discussion. As a result of the research, six species of protozoa of the genus Eimeria were identified: E. acervulina, E. tenella, E. brunetti, E. maxima, E. mivati, E. necatrix, while E. necatrix and E. maxima were the dominant species. This proves the presence of such species as E. mivati, E. acervulina (76.34%) in the anterior segment of the intestine and E. necatrix, E. maxima (83.34%) – in the middle segment of the small intestine. Infections of E. brunetti broilers amounted to 51.11%. The most pathogenic species of E. tenella residing in the cecum was found in 37.53%. MTLS in the group of chickens that received Baycox was 0.33. The post-treatment oocyst indices in the second group amounted to 1 (1–50 oocysts in 1 g of faeces), in the control group MTLS was very high (2,5), the oocyst index exceeding 3.

Status of Eimeria infections of sheep and goat sold at small ruminant markets in Lagos State, Southwest, Nigeria

Coccidiosis, an intestinal disease caused by apicomplexan parasites of the genus Eimeria, continues to challenge profitable small ruminant production worldwide. This study was carried out to determine the occurrence of Eimeria and identify the species infecting sheep and goat sold at small ruminant markets in Lagos State. Fresh faeces were collected from 83 sheep and 51 goats. The faecal samples were grossly examined for their consistency and subjected to salt floatation to detect the presence of Eimeria oocysts. Morphometric measurements of oocysts were taken for species identification. The number of oocysts/ml of faeces were estimated using a haemocytometer. Results revealed that 67 (80.7%) sheep and 34 (66.7%) goats were positive for Eimeria. There was no difference in the prevalence of infection between male and female of both animals (P > 0.05). The difference in infection rates between the breeds of sheep were also insignificant (P > 0.05). Goats with diarrheic stool had higher faecal oocyst counts (20400 oocysts/ml) when compared to those with normal stool (5250 oocysts/ml). E. faurei (41%), E. ovinoidalis (36%) and E. intricata (31%) were the most common of the 11 species infecting sheep in this study. Of the 8 species recovered from goats, E. ninakhloyakimovae (51%) and E. alijevi (39%) were the most frequent. The high incidence of pathogenic Eimeria species detected in the study area poses serious economic risks to stakeholders in Lagos State and Nigeria at large. Small ruminant farmers and traders are advised to improve biosecurity and sanitary conditions where livestock are kept. Keywords: Eimeria parasites; coccidiosis; goats; sheep; small ruminant markets; Nigeria.

Efficiency of sanitary management of litter in Eimeria spp. control in poultry housing of Western Paraná, Brazil

The objective of this research was to evaluate the control of coccidiosis in the litter of commercial poultry housing in the Western region of Paraná, Brazil, which adopts sanitary management to control Salmonellosis. Three litter treatments were selected, proposed by an integrating company in the region: fermentation associated with liming (FL); liming (L) and fermentation (F). Stool samples were collected from 18 poultry housing, in a completely randomized experimental design, testing different collection areas in the sheds, from the 5th day of the birds' housing, repeated weekly until the 40th day, during five successive flocks. The incidence of coccidiosis was determined by oocysts count in feces (OoPG), testing the interactions between treatment, age of birds and the number of flocks housed. Samples were selected to identify, through the Multiplex PCR, species of the genus Eimeria. circulating in the shed. The results showed that in litter where fermentation was adopted, the efficiency to control the sporulation of Eimeria spp. was significantly (p <0.05) higher than in the other treatments. The use of the Multiplex PCR technique requires improvements in the preparation of samples for the extraction of genetic material.

Development of a qPCR to diagnose the genus Eimeria in bovines

Bovine coccidiosis is caused by protozoa of the genus Eimeria. These protozoa mainly affect young animals, causing a decrease in production and consequent economic losses. The routine diagnosis is made through morphological observation of the oocysts, which has several limitations. The objective of the present study was to develop a qPCR technique for the diagnose of Eimeria spp. in cattle. For this purpose, the 18S rRNA region of the DNA of these parasites was selected, since it is a region with low variability among the species. The qPCR was developed using the SYBR Green, resulting in a PCR with a high sensitivity, able to amplify samples containing only one oocyst of Eimeria spp. of bovines. The feasibility of using qPCR in the diagnosis of the Eimeria Genus is demonstrated in this study, once this technique shows to be less laborious and needs less skills for diagnostic training when compared to the technique conventionally used in theroutine (micromorphometry).

Spread of Endoparasites of small cattle in conditions of Private Farms

The purpose of the research is studying the spread of endoparasites of sheep and goats in conditions of private farms. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in December 2019 in the conditions of private farms in the Kaluga and Tver Regions. The study subjects were sheep and goats of various sex and age groups (adult females and males aged 2–3 years and young animals aged up to 6 months). The material was feces taken from the animals’ rectum. Total 45 samples of feces from sheep and goats from a private farm in the Kaluga Region and 30 samples from sheep from a farm in the Tver Region were collected and studied. Studies for helminth eggs in feces were carried out using the flotation nethod according to the Kotelnikov-Khrenov and the Shcherbovich-Shilnikov method to detect larvae at pulmonary nematodosis. Results and discussion. As a result of coproovoscopic research methods, we found that intestinal parasites in farm in the Kaluga Region were represented by three genera of nematodes - Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus and Capillaria, as well as Protozoa of the genus Eimeria. Eggs of nematodes from the genus Trichostrongylus and Protozoa from the genus Eimeria were found in feces of sheep from the farm in the Tver Region. The infection rate with intestinal parasites in sheep and goats from two farms were similar. Pathogens from the genus Trichostrongylus prevailed, which was obviously associated with similar conditions for keeping and feeding small cattle on both farms. According to the results of fecal studies, the dominant parasitosis in animals from both farms were gastrointestinal strongylatosis.

INTESTINAL PARASITES IN EXOTIC ANIMALS IN MOSCOW

In 2019, a study was conducted of exotic animals kept in mini zoos and domestic conditions (chinchillas, ferrets, guinea pigs, rabbits, primates, reptiles, hedgehogs, squirrels) located in the city for the presence of intestinal parasitic diseases. The study showed that 2 types of intestinal protozoa were found in ferrets: Criptosporidium sp. (4%) and Isospora sp. (8%). In rabbits, one species of helminths P. amdiguus with invasion extensity (IE) 4.1% and protozoa Eimeria sp. (10.4%) was detected. The chinchillas revealed the simplest genus Giardia sp. (46.6%). In guinea pigs Entamoeba sp. (1.6%), Criptosporidium sp. (3.3%) and Giardia sp. (5%) was identified. In sguirrels, helminth eggs of Oxyurida sp. (IE 14%) and protozoa of the genus Eimeria sp. (50%) were found. In hedgehogs – two species of helminths of Capillaria sp. (20%) and Oxyurida sp. (10%). 80% of tamarins were infected with scratches; larvae of S. stercoralis nematodes were detected in saimiri (33.3%). One species of helminths of the genus Oxyurida sp. (76.2%) and 5 species of protozoa: Criptosporidium sp. (5%), Entamoeba sp. (6.25%), Trichomonas sp. (10%), Isospora sp. (6.25%) and Nyctotherus sp. (6.25%) was identified in reptiles. Pets revealed parasites, the probability of transmission of which to humans is not excluded.

LEVANTAMIENTO DE PARASITOS GASTROINTESTINALES EN OVINOS CRIADOS Y COMERCIALIZADOS EN LA MICROREGACIÓN DE CRUCERO DEL SUR, PARANÁ, BRAZIL

The sheep farming mainly in the southern region of Brazil. In Paraná State the production is mainly performed in small areas with large capacity of animals, favoring the contamination of pastures and the infection of animals by gastrointestinal parasites that mostly present quickly spread. The small breeding, mostly found in this region, do not follow standards of breeding sheep, however, it was observed a higher prevalence of sheep breeding woolless, probably due to the weather favorable to the creation of these animals. In this study performed in the northwest of Paraná State, samples were randomly collected in 87 animals from five different properties. In each property was collected 30% of each category stipulated in the flock: one to three months, three to six months, six months dose, and animals over one year of age. After collecttion the feces were sent to the Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of UNINGA, applying method of OPG. We calculated the prevalence of identified parasites. The results demonstrated a higher prevalence (68,96%) of eggs of nematodas Strongylida type, being 60/87 parasitized animals; Strongyloides (Bavay, 1876) 25/87 samples (28,73%); Nematodiros sp. (Ransom, 1907) 6/87 (6,98%), Tricuris sp. (Ransom, 1911) 3/87 (3,44%); toxocara vitulorum (Stiles, 1905) 2/87 (2,29%); there were eggs of trematodes digenetics Dicrocolium sp. (Loos, 1907) 2/87 (2.29%), and oocysts of protozoa of the genus Eimeria sp. (Schneider, 1875) appearing on 39/87 samples (44,82%), and Cryptosporidium sp. (Tyzzer, 1907) 1/87 (1,14%). In a property was performed the autopsy of an animal, and found Oesophagostomum columbianum (Railliet & Henry, 1913), where probably the eggs Strongylidae found are due to infection by this parasite.

THE FAUNA OF INTESTINAL PARASITES OF SMALL CATTLE IN THE CONDITIONS OF PRIVATE FARMS

At all times, the study of farm animal parasitic diseases was one of the most important areas in the general spectrum of animal parasitoses, as farm animals can be a source of human infestation with helminthiasis. The studies were carried out at two private farms where small cattle are kept – one farm is located in the Kaluga Region (Dzerzhinsky District), and the other in the Tver Region (Konakovsky District). The study objects were sheep and goats of various age-sex groups (females and males aged 2–3 years and young animals aged up to 6 months), and the material was feces hand-selected from the rectum of animals. The selected feces were studied at the Department of Parasitology and Veterinary-Sanitary Inspection of the FSBEI of Higher Education FSBEI Mgavmib – MVA named after K.I.Skryabin according to generally accepted methods. As a result of helminthoovoscopic diagnostics, we found that the fauna of intestinal parasites at the farm in the Kaluga Region was represented by three types of nematodes, namely, Trichostrongylus sp., Nematodirus sp. and Capillaria sp., as well as protozoa of the genus Eimeria. In the feces of sheep from the farm in the Tver Region, pathogen eggs of the genus Trichostrongylus sp. and single protozoa of the genus Eimeria were also found. The fauna of intestinal parasites from these two farms is similar to each other; pathogens of the genus Trichostrongylus sp. prevail, which is obviously associated with similar conditions for small cattle keeping and feeding (the livestock is equipped with the Romanov sheep at both farms; animals have year-round grazing and are kept in a wooden sheep shed at night. Feeding with hay and filling, regular preventive measures, in particular, deworming of the stock twice a year). According to the results of the study of feces carried out at the Department, gastrointestinal strongylatoses are the prevailing parasitoses in animals from both farms.

Diversity of enteric coccidia in pigs from the Paraíba Semiarid Region of Northeastern Brazil

There is great diversity in swine coccidia, which are responsible for causing intestinal disorders ranging from sporadic diarrhea to severe cases of hemorrhagic enteritis. Thus, determining the species of coccidia that affect the animals of a region and associating them with the characteristics of the farms become extremely important. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of coccidia parasites in pigs reared in a family farming production system in the Semiarid Region of the State of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil. Fecal samples for analysis were collected from 187 pigs on 51 farms. For morphological analysis, 1,590 sporulated oocysts were used. The prevalence of oocysts in fecal samples was 56.6% (106/187). The most prevalent species were Eimeria suis (21.9%), followed by Eimeria neodebliecki (16.6%), Eimeria perminuta (14.9%), Eimeria polita (12.8%), Eimeria debliecki (10.6%), Eimeria porci (10.1%), Cystoisospora suis (3.7%), Eimeria scabra (1.6%) and Eimeria cerdonis (0.5%). It can be concluded that pigs from the Semiarid Region of the State of Paraíba were parasitized by a diversity of coccidia species, mainly of the genus Eimeria, and predominantly presented with mixed infections occurring in the subclinical form.