Pomenske lastnosti in značilnosti rabe slovenskih oziralnopoljubnostnih zaimkov

Namen prispevka je osvetliti pomenske lastnosti in značilnosti rabe slovenskih oziralnopoljubnostnih zaimkov, ki v znanstveni literaturi do danes še niso bili podrobneje sistematično preučevani. Analiza večjega vzorca zgledov rabe iz referenčnega korpusa Gigafida 2.0 je pokazala, da so oziralnopoljubnostni zaimki k negativni polarnosti usmerjeni izrazi in izrazi proste izbire, katerih pomen je odvisen od interakcije z navzdol monotonimi in modalnimi operatorji ter širšim kontekstom rabe.

Writing in academic Slovene: state and origins of students’ knowledge and skills

By using a survey and semi-structured interviewing our study showed that the majority of Slovene PhD students are satisfied with their Slovene academic writing skills, but admitted they could improve, for example, with regard to their use of typical academic vocabulary in its usual context; writing concisely and accurately; and producing characteristic sentences and phrases in accordance with specific sections of text. As for the origins of the skills in question, in students’ opinion the most important way of learning how to write academic Slovene is by reading academic text during the entire course of study, as well as by writing term papers and similar assignments. Here – in PhD students’ and supervisors’ opinion – the role of teachers is very important, i.e. all teachers, not just linguists, should contribute to the excellence of students’ knowledge of academic Slovene.

Varieties of Spoken Slovenian in Austrian Carinthia and the Speech Practices of Young Members of the Minority

This article presents an overview of findings on the varieties of spoken Slovenian in Austrian Carinthia, focusing in particular on the changes perceived by researchers in the last two decades and on contemporary speech practices. Findings by other researchers are built upon with the results of biographical interviews conducted with seven students of Slovenian at the University of Klagenfurt. Three topics are at the forefront: the attitude toward the local dialect, the use of standard Slovenian variety, and speech accommodation in groups.

Slovenska narečna poimenovanja za žlico, nož in vilice

V prispevku so predstavljena narečna poimenovanja za jedilni pribor, ki se uporablja pri uživanju ali pripravljanju jedi – žlica, nož in vilice, in sicer z geolingvističnega, besedotvorno-etimološkega ter pomensko-motivacijskega vidika. Etnološki okvir služi zlasti za predstavitev razlogov za (ne)prevzetost leksemov. Izkaže se, da so poimenovanja za žlico in nož neraznovrstna z vidika prevzetosti, saj sta denotata na slovenskem jezikovnem območju v uporabi že razmeroma dolgo. Vilice so se kot del jedilnega pribora uveljavile sorazmerno pozno, zato je najpogostejše poimenovanje zanje besedotvorni deminutiv, na stiku z neslovanskim jezikovnim prostorom pa je opazna visoka stopnja prevzetosti leksemov. Poimenovanje za nož izkazuje besedotvorno raznovrstnost tudi zaradi različnih namembnosti v preteklosti.

Med terminologijo in splošno leksiko: determinologizacija in z njo povezane slovaropisne ter uporabniške dileme

V prispevku obravnavamo razlike med terminografijo in leksikografijo ter pojasnjujemo, v čem se terminološki in splošni razlagalni slovarji razlikujejo. Ukvarjamo se s slovarsko obravnavo leksemov, ki imajo v matičnih strokah status terminov, hkrati pa so se že uveljavili v besedilih, namenjenih splošnim uporabnikom, in se determinologizirali, pri čemer predstavljamo nekatere težave, s katerimi se zaradi determinologizacije srečujemo pri opisu leksike v splošnih razlagalnih in v terminoloških slovarjih. Opozarjamo tudi na zadrege uporabnikov pri uporabi obeh omenjenih tipov priročnikov.

PIE *peh2ur ’fire’. Two Slavic etymologies

The article adds two Proto-Slavic derivatives of the Proto-Indo-European word for ‘fire’ to a small number of other, already identified derivatives (§1). Detailed phonological and morphological analysis of the words for ‘bat; moth, butterfly’ establish PS *netopyŕĭ ‘bat’ and PS *netopyŕĭ, *netŭpyŕĭ ‘moth (> butterfly), which support a Pre-Proto- Slavic (PPS) *[nekt-i+pūr]-ja- ‘[night-time fire] one’. Semantic interpretation posits the social and ecological context for the divergent nominations ‘bat’ and ‘nocturnal moth’. The variant word shapes and meanings of these lexemes defined intersecting isoglosses at the time of the Slavic Expansion (§§2–3). Similar analysis of PS *ǫpyŕĭ ‘revenant, monster’ supports the reconstruction PPS *[un-pūr]-ja- ‘[without fire] one’. Its semantic interpretation is based on the Slavic folk belief that the untimely dead were in the power of evil forces and were tools of evil. In pre-Christian times they were denied the pyre, they were ‘without fire’. This belief long survived the introduction of Christianity and its abolition of cremation and obligatory burial (§§4–5). The conclusion (§6) comments on the remarkable archaisms in these ancient lexemes, which were coined thousands of years ago: PPS *nekt- ‘night’ (cf. Hittite), *un- ‘no, without’ (cf. Germanic), and *pūr- ‘fire’ (cf. West Baltic).