Craniological sources on the problem of ethnogenesis of the Narym Selkups

The Narym Selkups are an indigenous population of the Middle Ob River region speaking various dialects of the Selkup language related to the South-Samodian branch of the Ural language family. In the course of the study of Medieval and relatively recent burial grounds in the territory of the Narym Ob area of Tomsk Oblast, considerable amount of craniological material has been collected, which constitutes an important historical source for solving general problems of their origins. According to the archaeological and ethnographic materials, the Medieval burials were left by direct ascendants of modern Narym Selkups, whereas the materials from the later burial grounds are directly associated with their specific local-dialect groups. This paper is aimed to introduce into scien-tific discourse virtually all craniological materials known today from the burial grounds left by the Narym Selkups, and, on the basis of the results of group cross-correlation, to identify trends of the territorial variability of the whole community. Significant increase of new finds from the vast territory of the Middle Ob region, population-driven approach to the data analysis and development of the craniometric technique warranted re-grouping of the finds by the territorial principle and their repeated measurement and analysis. In view of the current problem, all cranio-logical materials were grouped into ten sampling series, five of which are published for the first time (the burial ground of Ostyatskaya Gora and four combined craniological series from the burial grounds of Lower Chulym, Narym Ob, Upper Ket, and the Tym and Vasyugan rivers). Analysis of the variability of the series from the Narym Ob region in chronological and geographical bands showed their weak variability in space and time. Therefore, prior to the Russian colonization of Siberia, this region of the Middle Ob area was not invaded by considerably large groups of people of different anthropological appearance. All studied craniological series were samples from the single unity. Although the territorial variability of the anthropological features within the groups of the Narym Selkups is not large, in some cases an influence of territorially closest neighbours on the anthropological structures of particular Selkup populations can be discerned. It appeared that the southern groups exhibit resemblance with their territorially closest Turkic populations of the Chulym and Lower Tom regions, while in the composition of other Narym groups, there have been identified an admixture of the component genetically related to the Turkic populations of the Western-Siberian forest-steppe — Barabino and Tobol-Irtysh Tatars, and, although being very weak, an influence of the Ob Ugric populations can be discerned.

Koronavirus – nevidimyy protivnik.Voyennaya leksika v yazykovom obrazepandemii v mediynykh tekstakh

Urban dialect as a determining factor of regional identity based on the example of the present-day urban dialect of the city of Poznań This paper presents urban dialect as a determining factor of local identity. The author analyses the definitions of dialect and shows the changing perception of this concept, as well as its nature and the current role. Regional identity and its correlation with the dialect is also addressed. The present considerations are explored through the example of the present-day urban dialect of the city of Poznań, which, despite of decreasing number of active users, shows an increase in popularity and willingness to cultivate it in forms that allow the language to be perceived in terms of regional identity. Local dialect of the city of Poznań is analysed in a historical context, showing the significant influence of the German language and the economic and social changes of the city on the language formation. The paper also investigates urban dialect from a modern perspective, discussing its appearance in radio, texts and books. Keywords: urban dialect, Poznań, dialect of the city of Poznań, regional identity, dialect in radio, dialect in texts and books

Fixed formulas and acronyms in the memory epigraphics of Podlasie province (Poland)

The paper analyzes epigraphic fixed formulas and acronyms along with their graphical systems presented on the Orthodox necropolis tombstones from Hajnówka region Podlasie province (Poland). Cyrillic inscriptions reflect local dialect features and appear to be a confessional marker of the local Orthodox population.

COLLOQUIAL LANGUAGE USED IN MOVIE SCRIPT ADA APA DENGAN CINTA 1

This study is conducted to examine colloquial expression in the movie script Ada Apa dengan Cinta I. Colloquial Language is the linguistic style used for casual communication. The method applied in this study is qualitative approach. The data shows that there are 28 occurances of colloquial expression in the movie script. The expressions involve five types. They are slang, jargon, provanity, contraction and idiom. The most dominat expression used in the movie is slang with 42.9% occurances. The second position is provanity with 25% occurances. Then, the next level is jargon with 17.9%, contraction with 10.7%, and the last is idiom with only 3.5% occurances. The result shows that the movie script presents a casual conversation. Most situation of the conversation is informal. Moreover, this movie script is identical with teenagers as the most characters are teenagers. The teenagers tend to use such casual conversations. Besides, the result proves that this movie script also presents a local dialect of Bahasa Indonesia. It is Jakarta dialect since the setting is in that region. Therefore, it is concluded that this movie is characterized with Jakarta dialect and teenager’s casual conversation.

Variation in the Non-mimetic Vocalizations of Brood-Parasitic Indigobirds and Their Potential Role in Speciation

Indigobirds (Vidua spp.) are obligate brood parasites in which imprinting on heterospecific hosts shapes adult vocal behavior and mating preferences. Adult male indigobirds mimic the songs and other vocalizations of their respective hosts, which signals their own host environment to prospective mates and has important implications for speciation. In this study, we examined variation within and among indigobird species in the non-mimetic components of their vocal behavior, including both chatter calls and their impressive repertoires of intricate non-mimicry songs. We test whether indigobird species in Tanzania (V. chalybeata, V. codringtoni, V. funerea, and V. purpurascens) differ consistently in general features of their non-mimetic vocalizations, and we test whether local ecological conditions influence vocal behavior. Indigobird non-mimetic song repertories are learned from and shared with other males of the same species. We find that local dialect “neighborhoods” are variable in size among species and regions, depending on habitat continuity and the distribution of male territories. Despite the complete turnover of the specific songs comprising non-mimicry song repertoires from one local dialect to the next, we find significant species effects for more general measures of non-mimicry songs such as repertoire size and diversity, frequency, song length, and pace. For some traits, we also found significant regional differences, which may be mediated by significant relationships between elevation and morphometrics. Chatter calls were broadly similar across both species and localities, but we found significant species and region effects for frequency and to a lesser extent pace. We discuss the possibility that learning and mimicking the vocalizations of different hosts might influence the production of non-mimetic vocalizations and explain many of the species differences we detected. Whether these species differences are purely due to phenotypic plasticity or also reflect genetic divergence in traits influencing sound production and/or female preferences, they may contribute to reproductive isolation among nascent and recently evolved indigobird species.

HIGH WOMEN'S UNOFFICIAL NAMES AND THEIR REFLECTION IN THE DIALECT PICTURE OF THE WORLD

Постановка задачи. В исследовании рассмотрению подвергаются антропонимы, репрезентирующие женщин по внешности, неполноценности, особенности речи и голоса, чертам характера, темпераменту, кулинарным предпочтениям, роду занятий, должности, отношению к работе, и их отражение в диалектной картине мира жителей небольшого посёлка Высокого Таловского района Воронежской области. В процессе работы определены своеобразные черты и характеристики образа представительниц слабого пола, которые одобряются и не одобряются в деревенском социуме. Обращение к живой народной речи, функционирующей в устах коренных селян, с целью изучения с последующим сохранением языковых материалов является актуальным, так как в ней содержится современная информация о целом поколении людей и их взаимоотношениях в коллективе. Результаты. В ходе изыскания описано 43 неофициальных имени, представленных 7 тематическими группами. Определена самая продуктивная группа - антропонимы, данные по внешности человека, и самая малочисленная - уличные именования по неполноценности. Выявлено, что 5 человек имеют по 2 прозвища, 1 женщина считается обладательницей 4 прозвищ, которые получила за особенности внешности и поведения. Установлены имена-метафоры, маркирующих их носительниц. Они репрезентируются множеством возникающих ассоциаций: со стрекозой, планетой Солнечной системы, установкой для обработки мяса или рыбы, предметом для глажения, рекой, оружием, птицей, ядовитым растением, надзорным учреждением, рок-группой и др. Функционирующие антропонимы выражены существительными и прилагательными, образованы двумя способами: суффиксальным и сложением основ. С помощью рассмотренных лексических единиц представлен идеальный женский образ с присущими ему чертами. Продемонстрированы качества его антипода. Выводы. Осуществлённое исследование определило использование в народном языке своеобразных уличных именований женщин, являющихся частью диалектной картины мира высочан. Она подчинена определённым условным нормам и правилам, известным только местным жителям, разработанным ими самими для удобства в межличностном общении. Отражение картины мира через прозвища свидетельствует о богатом лексическом запасе, воображении и фантазии диалектоносителей. Она раскрывает и состояние местного говора в наше время - живого, активно развивающегося, самобытного. Мир всех и каждого в отдельности, естественность и простота - таково содержание картины мира деревенского человека. Представленное изыскание дополняет имеющиеся немногочисленные работы воронежских лингвистов-диалектологов и ономастов и вносит вклад в изучение местной антропонимики. Statement of the problem. The study examines the anthroponyms that represent women in appearance, inferiority, speech and voice, character traits, temperament, culinary preferences, occupation, position, attitude to work, and their reflection in the dialectal picture of the world of the inhabitants of the small village of Vysoky Talovsky district of the Voronezh region In the process of work, the peculiar features and characteristics of the image of the fairer sex were determined, which are approved and disapproved in the village society. The appeal to the living folk speech, functioning in the mouths of the indigenous villagers, with the aim of studying with the subsequent preservation of linguistic materials, is relevant, since it contains modern information about a whole generation of people and their relationships in the team. Results. During the survey, 43 unofficial names were described, represented by 7 thematic groups. The most productive group has been identified - anthroponyms, data on a person's appearance, and the smallest - street naming for inferiority. It was revealed that 5 people have 2 nicknames, 1 woman is considered the owner of 4 nicknames, which she received for features of appearance and behavior. The names-metaphors, marking their carriers, have been established. They are represented by a multitude of emerging associations: with a dragonfly, a planet of the solar system, an installation for processing meat or fish, an ironing object, a river, a weapon, a bird, a poisonous plant, a supervisory institution, a rock band, etc. Functioning anthroponyms are expressed by nouns and adjectives, formed in two ways: suffix and base addition. With the help of the considered lexical units, an ideal female image with its inherent features is presented. The qualities of its antipode are demonstrated. Conclusion. The carried out research has determined the use in the folk language of the peculiar street names of women, which are part of the dialectal picture of the world of Vysochan. It is subject to certain conventional norms and rules, known only to local residents, developed by themselves for convenience in interpersonal communication. The reflection of the picture of the world through nicknames testifies to the rich vocabulary, imagination and fantasy of dialect carriers. It also reveals the state of the local dialect in our time - living, actively developing, original. The world of each and every one individually, naturalness and simplicity - such is the content of the picture of the world of a village man. The presented research supplements the few available works of Voronezh linguists-dialectologists and onomasts and contributes to the study of local anthroponymy.

The Native Speaker in Italian-Dialects Bilingualism: Insights From the Acquisition of Vicentino by Preschool Children

This paper investigates the bilingualism originating from the native competence of a standard language (Italian) and a vernacular non-standardized local dialect (henceforth, bilectalism). We report results on the comprehension and production of narrative stories by 44 3- to 5-year-old typically developing children exposed to both Italian and Vicentino from birth. Our findings show that all children produced and comprehended Italian. As for the dialect, children can comprehend Vicentino, despite not producing any dialectal element. The study further revealed an implicational scale in dialectal competence: if a child exhibits some productions with dialectal syntax, s/he also produces dialects at the phonological, morphological, and lexical levels. These findings are in line with the dialectological studies on adult speakers: dialectal competence should be arranged along a fine-grained continuum and the dialectal speaker should be considered as a multi-factorial notion. Our study extends this observation to children’s dialectal acquisition.

Varieties of Spoken Slovenian in Austrian Carinthia and the Speech Practices of Young Members of the Minority

This article presents an overview of findings on the varieties of spoken Slovenian in Austrian Carinthia, focusing in particular on the changes perceived by researchers in the last two decades and on contemporary speech practices. Findings by other researchers are built upon with the results of biographical interviews conducted with seven students of Slovenian at the University of Klagenfurt. Three topics are at the forefront: the attitude toward the local dialect, the use of standard Slovenian variety, and speech accommodation in groups.

UNRAVELING THE POWER OF TEACHERS’ COMPETENCY AND TEACHING STYLES IN CURRICULUM IMPLEMENTATION: A PERSPECTIVE OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AS A MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION

<p>The language policy in Rwanda states that English is the medium of Instruction (MOI) to be used in the Education system following the 2008 Language shift. However, this change in the MOI brought about extreme challenges to both Rwandan teachers and learners. Moreover, the extensive day to day usage of Kinyarwanda, the local dialect, has greatly inhibited the use of English. This has adversely obstructed the use of the English language as a MOI and the curriculum implementation for over 20 years hence adversely affecting the teaching and learning process. The proficiency of the teachers who are meant to teach in the MOI is quite questionable; many realize the need to learn English while teaching or risk unemployment. As such, this study purposed to examine the teacher competency and teaching styles in use of English as a MOI in facilitating curriculum implementation in rural primary schools in Rwanda. Guided by the inter language theory and the Discrepancy theory, the study applied a descriptive survey research design. With a target population of 3,269, the study entailed a sample of 1470 randomly selected learners from Primary 4 to Primary 6, teachers and head teachers from 21 schools. The study used questionnaires, interviews, and observation to collect primary data. The study found that the teachers’ competency in using English language as MOI had significant influence on curriculum implementation in rural primary schools in Muhanga district and in the entire republic of Rwanda. The teaching styles factors positively and significantly influence the use of MOI in curriculum implementation when other factors are held constant.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0807/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

MALE ANTHROPONYMS IN THE VORONEZH REGION (on the example of data on a person's appearance, speech features, mental abilities and character traits)

В исследовании внимание сосредоточено на речи жителей посёлка Высокого Таловского района Воронежской области. Актуальность данной работы продиктована имеющимся интересом к живому народному слову как удивительному феномену современности. Цель статьи состоит в выявлении антропонимических единиц, называющих представителей мужского пола по особенностям внешности, речи, умственным способностям, чертам характера в высоковском говоре, определении их семантического значения, установлении имён-метафор, уточнении наиболее продуктивных подгрупп в каждой группе и указании их частеречной принадлежности. В качестве языкового материала использована речь коренных селян старшей возрастной группы (Л.Я. Гридневой, М.В. Бочарникова, М.М. Бочарниковой), записанная в ходе непосредственного общения с автором. Объектом наблюдений стали неофициальные наименования мужчин - прозвищ. Предметом исследования выступает местный говор. В ходе анализа описано толкование всех зафиксированных лексических единиц. В результате обобщено 4 группы прозвищ, представленные 12 подгруппами. У 78 некалендарных имён определены разные признаки, положенные в основу номинации. Это дало возможность выявить конкретные характеристики носителя того или иного антропонима. Указано, что многочисленной группой являются прозвища, отражающие особенности внешности человека. Малочисленной группой выступают прозвища, указывающие на умственные способности. Выявлено, что в большинстве своём некалендарные имена выражаются существительными (56 единиц), прозвища, представленные прилагательными, малочисленны (21 единица). Одно из прозвищ выступает в форме повелительного наклонения глагола. Среди зарегистрированных антропонимов найдено 19 имён-метафор, указаны их ассоциативные связи. Отмечено, что в основу всех представленных неофициальных именований положены реальные качества, характеристики их обладателей или разовые события и факты, за которые люди их удостоились. The study focuses on the speech of residents of the village of Vysoky Talovsky district of the Voronezh region. The relevance of this work is dictated by the existing interest in the living folk word as an amazing phenomenon of our time. The purpose of the article is to identify anthroponymic units that name males in appearance, speech characteristics, mental abilities, character traits in Vysokov's dialect, determining their semantic meaning, establishing metaphor names, clarifying the most productive subgroups in each group and indicating their part of speech affiliation. As a linguistic material, the speech of indigenous villagers of the older age group was used: Gridnevoy L.Ya., Bocharnikova M.V., Bocharnikova M.M., which was recorded in the course of direct communication with the author in the field. The unofficial names of men became the object of observation. The subject of research is the local dialect. In the course of the analysis, the interpretation of all lexical units recorded from the lips of the respondents is described. As a result, 4 groups of nicknames were summarized, displayed by 12 subgroups. 78 non-calendar names are defined according to different criteria. This made it possible to isolate the specific characteristics of the bearer of a particular anthroponym. It is indicated that a large group are nicknames based on a person's appearance, which were given quite easily. The most non-standard of them perfectly coexist with the official names. A small group are nicknames that reflect mental abilities. It was revealed that for the most part non-calendar names are expressed by nouns (56 units), less - by adjectives (21 units). One nickname appears in the form of the imperative mood of the verb. Among the registered anthroponyms, 19 metaphor names were found, their associative links were indicated. It is noted that all the presented unofficial names are based on real qualities, characteristics of their owners or one-time events and facts for which people have been awarded them.