¿Nacer de pie o haber nacido de pie? La lematización de las locuciones verbales con el infinitivo compuesto

Verbal idioms are usually lemmatized in dictionaries with their infinitive form (eg., nacer de pie). However, some of them are eventually registered with their perfect infinitive form (eg., haber nacido de pie), conveying the idea that they are preferably used with compound or past tenses. Our hypothesis is that not all idioms of this type are actually used in the same way. To prove it, thirty idioms, lemmatized once at least by the perfect infinitive, have been extracted from five different European Spanish phraseological dictionaries. The information collected is compared with the data obtained from a web text corpus. The main results are: firstly, the chosen lemma sign does not always correspond to the actual use of several idioms; secondly, there are clear differences among dictionaries regarding the treatment that they give to this kind of idioms; thirdly, it seems not to be a common pattern even within the same dictionary; finally, the information provided by a lemma sign sometimes does not fit properly with the definition and/or the example.

Simbología religiosa y metáforas del CAMINO en la Biblia

The purpose of this paper is to explore the metaphorical nature of the CAMINO (WAY) image schema in the Bible, focusing on specific passages in the Old and New Testaments that contain the word camino (way) and, to a lesser extent, senda (path). After the description of the notion of image schema applied to WAY in the context of cognitive semantics, the ultimate aim of the study is to discover the metaphorical projections that underlie the biblical WAY-images, as well as the Spanish idioms that are supported by such metaphors. The type of motivation that prevails in metaphors will be surveyed, mainly metaphoric motivation, directly conditioned by the experiences of the human being with his environment, symbol-based motivation and/or intertextual motivation.

Tratamiento de las locuciones nominales de España y de Hispanoamérica en los diccionarios académicos

Managing and using different dictionaries confirm that, automatically, many of them contain phraseological units in their entries and/or sub-entries. However, in some cases, phraseological units are understood in a lax way, as it can be seen in the preface of some dictionaries; as a result, they (dis)appear inside a lexicographical work in disparate ways. For this reason, the present paper aims at analysing the lexicographical treatment of nominal idioms in two dictionaries published by the Spanish Royal Academy (RAE) and the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language (ASALE): Diccionario de Americanismos (DA, 2010) and Diccionario de la Lengua Española (DLE, 2014). In order to achieve this purpose, this study focuses on a corpus of nominal phraseological units and compares the categorical, diatopic and semantic data concerning these units in the two dictionaries considered.

El italiano en la fraseología actual del español hablado en Argentina

The massive immigration of Italians to Argentina during the 19th and 20th centuries produced a contact between Italian and Spanish languages. This contact situation left signs in phraseological units of the Spanish variety spoken in Argentina. Our work concerns the diatopic phraseology of Spanish and aims at studying the Italian component in Argentinian Spanish phraseology. As a result, we shall contextualise the role of the Italian language in the evolution of the Spanish spoken in Argentina, describe the methodology used for the retrieval of the information contained in the phraseological corpus that is part of the database of the research project Frasytram (University of Alicante) and, finally, focus on the Argentinian phraseological units of the semantic field character-way of being-attitude that have components of the Italian language or derive from them, in order to identify its integration process.

Polisemia diatópica del verbo sintagmático español

English phrasal verbs are phraseological units derived from the amalgam between a verb and an adverbial or prepositional particle, which, synchronically, are not a discursive combination but the global result of a single lexical selection. This construction is also found in other languages, although with a different name (e.g. the Italian verbi sintagmatici or the German trennbare Verben) and it may also have more than one meaning. This contrastive study focuses on the polysemy of the Spanish phrasal verb, taking into account its diatopic variation and with the help of automatic extraction tools in electronic corpus.

Observaciones sobre las locuciones verbales con marca Méx en el DLE

Diatopic language variation in many editions of the Dictionary of the Spanish Language (Diccionario de la lengua española) has been a recurring issue in Spanish language lexicography. Most texts on this topic have dealt exclusively with monolexical units, neglecting the study of phraseological units. Therefore, this analysis focuses on idioms labelled as Méx in the DLE, pointing out some discrepancies regarding the inclusion and construction of lemmas and meanings attributed to such phraseological units in the 23rd edition of the dictionary.

La atenuación como estrategia cortés en locuciones usadas en prensa y en literatura en el Valle de Aburrá

Attenuation is a pragmatic tool used by speakers to minimise the interactional effects in communicative acts. This exploratory study examines some Valle de Aburrá (Colombia) written press and literature examples in which speakers use idioms instead of other language tools in order to be polite and not to damage their interlocutor’s face.

Creación (o transformación) en la fraseología pragmática periférica

Phraseological units, as part of repeated discourse, set out a problem to the well-known thesis of the creative character of language. It is a problem of reason, a false paradox, since phraseological creation is a fact: phraseological units are continuously created from the transformation of something already existing, frequently through phraseological manipulation. Starting from this evidence, this paper shall examine phraseological creativity in contrast to the grammatical one, by offering examples of a very special section of peripheral pragmatic phraseology, called timos by Casares (catchphrases and pet phrases), and in light of some ideas stated by Humboldt and his subsequent commentators. One of them, Chomsky, distinguishes two types of creativity: the first one leaves the language intact, whereas the second one alters grammatical rules. In phraseological creation, it is not easy to apply that distinction; however, this essay shall demonstrate that syntactic rules are equivalent to schemas in the phraseological field.

El Diccionario de locuciones idiomáticas del español actual en línea

The edition of dictionaries is tending more and more towards online publication, as opposed to print editions. The latter are less comfortable to use and less attractive for consultation in a society in which new technologies are taking over in all areas of daily life. Even dictionaries with multiple print editions, such as the Spanish Royal Academy’s Diccionario de la Lengua Española, commonly have online versions. With the aim of drawing attention to the Diccionario de locuciones idiomáticas del español actual (DiLEA), which has been published online, its most notable characteristics are presented here. Compiled according to the theoretical bases of linguistics, lexicography, phraseology and phraseography, DiLEA offers morphological, syntactic and semantic information on a large collection of idioms, in some cases even including pragmatic details. All the information given is backed up by authentic examples of the idioms in use, which justify the linguistic behaviour shown in their respective lexicographical entries.

Se formó el bembé / Bater o bembé: la influencia africana en el léxico y en las expresiones idiomáticas del español de Cuba y el portugués de Brasil

The language is lively, changeable, rich in expressions constituted from the socio-cultural context of a given society, of a given linguistic community. These expressions go through an expansion of meaning and become consecrated by the frequency of their use. They play an important role in discursive processing because they are an expressive resource that translates feelings, customs, and values, characteristic of a language-culture. The objective of this paper is to point out the African influence in Cuban and Brazilian language expressions, once both countries have had the legacy of various African ethnic groups due to the black traffic of slaves during the 19th century.