Conduit

The third of three chapters exploring spatial imagery, Chapter 9 presents the conduit, a distinctively Reformed motif, which portrays Jesus Christ as located in heaven and connected to believers on earth by means of the Holy Spirit. The conduit is a SOURCE-PATH-GOAL image schema by which the body and blood of Christ reach from heaven to the recipient. Typically, this is understood as taking place by faith rather than through physical eating. On occasion, however, Reformed writers use prepositions like par or per, which convey a sense that the body and blood might be received “through” the consecrated bread and wine. More frequently, they use these prepositions in connection with the idea that Christ might be seen through the elements. The chapter proposes that this might create possibilities for Reformed theologians today to experiment with conduit imagery as a component of an ecumenical repertoire of motifs for eucharistic presence.

Containment

The second of three chapters exploring spatial imagery, Chapter 8 explores the motif of containment—the idea that Christ’s body and blood are “in” or “under” the bread and wine. The CONTAINER image schema has two significant entailments for eucharistic presence: transitivity (if A is in B and B is in C, A is in C) and concealment (something inside an opaque container cannot be seen). Transitivity enables Christians who take the eucharistic elements into their bodies to understand Jesus in turn to be inside them. Concealment facilitates reflection on the fact that the body and blood of Christ are not accessible to the senses. Roman Catholic and Lutheran traditions make significant use of containment imagery; Reformed and Eastern Orthodox traditions have been reticent but have been willing to use it on occasion. The chapter also gives specific attention to transubstantiation as a special combination of change and containment motifs.

Applicabilité du modèle cognitif des images schématiques dans l’enseignement-apprentissage de l’écrit au niveau universitaire

Les images schématiques sont des structures basiques qui émergent directement de notre expérience corporelle. Bien que dépourvues de contenu propositionnel, elles constituent directement le domaine source des métaphores des images schématiques (image schema metaphors) et participent indirectement à l’émergence des concepts plus spécifiques et plus élaborés. L’auteure examine l’image schématique du CHEMIN ainsi que ses modèles subsidiaires dans le cadre de la linguistique cognitive et évalue leur applicabilité dans l’enseignement des langues étrangères. Les notions d’image schématique et de métaphore conceptuelle ne sont pas uniquement théoriques mais permettent de structurer un texte et un discours. L’auteure démontre comment elles peuvent être appliquées dans l’enseignement de l’écriture figurative qui inclut toutes les formes d’écriture et ne se limite pas à la poésie ou à la fiction.

Vista conoscenza, parola: lo “Schema del contenitore” applicato a un caso di polisemia indoeuropea

"View, Knowledge, Word: The Container Image-Schema Applied to a Case of Proto-Indo-European Polysemy. The present discussion aims at reconsidering the theoretical process of knowledge in some ancient Indo-European languages in the light of the prerequisites offered by cognitive linguistics and prototype theory. Thanks to the dynamic pattern of the Container Image-Schema – which is a primitive mental structure – some historical outcomes of a polysemic Indo-European root will be discussed in order to place them within the continuum of the semantic space in which the container is located. Keywords: Conceptual metaphor; polysemy; Image-Schema; Indo-European; semantics. "

REPRESENTATION OF IMAGE-SCHEME CONTAINER WITH IN-OUT ORIENTATION IN THE ENGLISH-LANGUAGE FICTIONAL TEXT

This article highlights the parameters of figurative conceptualization of the set of knowledge about the world and reveals cognitive specifics of metaphorical conceptualization of the CONTAINER image-schema with IN-OUT orientation in the English literary text. The article proves that the conceptualization process within the CONTAINER image-schema is based on Langacker’s "viewing metaphor", which is associated with human experience, based on our ability to see and perceive objects in our field of view. Metaphorical extensions of the CONTAINER image-schema conceptualize different spheres of reality, because they establish the relationship between the source domain (the concept based on human physical experience) and the target domain (abstract concept). In Doris Lessing's short story "To Room Nineteen", the authors found conceptual metaphors structured by the CONTAINER image-schema with the corresponding domains, which are verbalized by prepositions in, inside, into, out, adjectives inner, filled, full, etc. Dominant conceptual domains were selected: HOUSE, ROOM, GARDEN, MARRIAGE, BODY, HOTEL ROOM. The method of interpretive analysis was used to determine that the conceptual metaphors HOUSE is PRISON, MARRIAGE is PRISON and BODY is PRISON are involved in the formation of metaphors LIFE is PRISON, DEATH is LIBERATION, which are also structured by the CONTAINER image-schema. The relationships between the target domains HOUSE, MARRIAGE, BODY and the source domain PRISON are established by the following words and phrases: "freedom", "living out prison sentence", "prisoner", "never being free", "she felt even more caged”, “forbade”, “barred”. In addition, the death of the main character of the short story is described as a process of drifting into a dark river. As a result, according to the metaphor DEATH is LIBERATION, the image of the river in the story becomes a symbol of freedom. Thus, the conceptual metaphors reveal the problem of a woman sacrificing her own identity for the sake of family life. On the example of the main character of the short story, we can see that such a problem leads to suicide.

Unilateral body neglect: schemas versus images?

Unilateral spatial neglect has been extensively described for visual and representational manifestations but tactile and motor manifestations as well as body neglect point to bodily manifestations of this neurological condition. This chapter reviews the perceptual, motoric and high-level representational symptoms manifested in neglect patients and attempt to classify them according to the body image/schema framework. One puzzling aspect of the wide spectrum of body neglect symptoms is that physiological bottom-up maneuvers, such as prism adaptation, which act at the level of body schema, do also efficiently improve body image manifestations of neglect. This relationship allows us to elaborate on the dialectical relationships between body image and body schema. Thus, understanding body neglect in terms of diagnosis, evaluation, physiopathology and therapeutics through the dynamical interactions between body schema and body neglect, provide perspectives to manage other lateralized body troubles, neglect-like manifestations of bodily attention or distorted representations.

A Cognitive Analysis of Poems in A Dream of Red Mansions from the Perspective of Image Schema

This paper adopts a cognitive perspective in the analysis of various image schemas in the novel A Dream of Red Mansions, one of the most influential classical masterpieces in Chinese literature. Two poems from the novel are interpreted from the perspective of link schema, container schema, up-down schema, part-whole schema, and source-path-goal schema, to reveal the personalities, values and life philosophies of the two female protagonists. The contrast between the pessimism and melancholy of Daiyu and the optimism and aspiration of Baochai demonstrates the author’s understanding of that time and society, especially the status and fate of females. The analysis illustrates that image schemas, which involves bodily experience and metaphorical projection from concrete to abstract domains, can surpass language boundaries, reveal emotions and themes, and shed light on cross-cultural studies of literature.